{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2898734513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","title":"A Survey of Traffic Sign Recognition Systems Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","display_name":"A Survey of Traffic Sign Recognition Systems Based on Convolutional Neural Networks","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2898734513","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","mag":"2898734513"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090903443","display_name":"Syed Shujaa Hussain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4783-4980"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Syed Hussain","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076636276","display_name":"Munther Abualkibash","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Munther Abualkibash","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041918012","display_name":"Samir Tout","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3775-299X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I138216421","display_name":"Eastern Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/02ehshm78","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Samir Tout","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Information Security and Applied Computing, Eastern Michigan University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5090903443"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I138216421"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6267,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":26,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74606421,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"0570","last_page":"0573"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9969000220298767,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11606","display_name":"Infrastructure Maintenance and Monitoring","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.8538488745689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.8526301383972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8191472887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.6372241377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.6204289197921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4600614607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.45419245958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.42822593450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/data-modeling","display_name":"Data modeling","score":0.41189056634902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.41128429770469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.35798344016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.06624206900596619}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.8538488745689392},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.8526301383972168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8191472887992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.6372241377830505},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.6204289197921753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4600614607334137},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.45419245958328247},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.42822593450546265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C67186912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q367664","display_name":"Data modeling","level":2,"score":0.41189056634902954},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.41128429770469666},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.35798344016075134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.06624206900596619},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500182","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":26,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1484969435","https://openalex.org/W1978736542","https://openalex.org/W2042082479","https://openalex.org/W2067713319","https://openalex.org/W2079854881","https://openalex.org/W2080321383","https://openalex.org/W2112796928","https://openalex.org/W2115036400","https://openalex.org/W2125085157","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2150581781","https://openalex.org/W2152417180","https://openalex.org/W2245166388","https://openalex.org/W2532247935","https://openalex.org/W2550687635","https://openalex.org/W2552005661","https://openalex.org/W2552014651","https://openalex.org/W2555714304","https://openalex.org/W2738238836","https://openalex.org/W2779757316","https://openalex.org/W2785471425","https://openalex.org/W2962773189","https://openalex.org/W6628962500","https://openalex.org/W6670527763","https://openalex.org/W6729111039","https://openalex.org/W6729791593"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4382897155","https://openalex.org/W4379231512","https://openalex.org/W4283820116","https://openalex.org/W4378699879","https://openalex.org/W3128164723","https://openalex.org/W4286647459","https://openalex.org/W2899819381","https://openalex.org/W2557202782","https://openalex.org/W3215426395","https://openalex.org/W4382176313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,88,120],"paper,":[2,89],"we":[3],"briefly":[4],"discuss":[5],"the":[6,21,45,63,80,84,90,102,114,132],"applications":[7,104],"of":[8,83,101,105,116],"Convolutional":[9],"Neural":[10],"Networks":[11],"(CNNs)":[12],"model":[13,57,112],"to":[14,27,40,72,130],"traffic":[15],"sign":[16],"recognition":[17],"(TSR)":[18],"systems.":[19],"Traditionally,":[20],"TSRs":[22],"have":[23,36],"used":[24,38],"different":[25],"techniques":[26],"detect":[28],"and":[29,43,53,119],"classify":[30],"visual":[31],"data.":[32],"The":[33,108],"CNN":[34,66,111],"s":[35],"been":[37,60],"separately":[39],"extract":[41],"features":[42],"train":[44],"classifier":[46],"as":[47,49],"well":[48],"simultaneously":[50],"for":[51],"detection":[52],"classification":[54],"tasks.":[55],"One":[56],"that":[58],"has":[59],"successful":[61],"is":[62,78,97],"Fast":[64,109],"Branch":[65,110],"model,":[67],"which":[68],"imitates":[69],"biological":[70],"mechanisms":[71],"become":[73],"more":[74],"efficient.":[75],"While":[76],"it":[77,92],"not":[79],"most":[81],"accurate":[82],"ones":[85],"presented":[86],"in":[87],"efficiency":[91],"exhibits":[93],"under":[94],"time-sensitive":[95],"conditions":[96],"worth":[98],"exploring":[99],"because":[100],"potential":[103],"such":[106],"technology.":[107],"challenged":[113],"assumptions":[115],"past":[117],"models,":[118],"technology":[121],"can":[122],"only":[123],"advance":[124],"further":[125],"if":[126],"new":[127],"models":[128],"attempt":[129],"do":[131],"same.":[133]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}