{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899124034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","title":"RanDroid: Structural Similarity Approach for Detecting Ransomware Applications in Android Platform","display_name":"RanDroid: Structural Similarity Approach for Detecting Ransomware Applications in Android Platform","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899124034","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","mag":"2899124034"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5012605027","display_name":"Abdulrahman Alzahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-4402-084X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Alzahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071666111","display_name":"Ali Alshehri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3240-1955"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ali Alshehri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076631435","display_name":"Hani Alshahrani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8799-9448"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hani Alshahrani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068099666","display_name":"Raed Alharthi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6182-7923"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Raed Alharthi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083522562","display_name":"Huirong Fu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0462-0587"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huirong Fu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102983664","display_name":"Anyi Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6011-1998"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177721651","display_name":"Oakland University","ror":"https://ror.org/01ythxj32","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anyi Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science and Engineering, Oakland University, Rochester, Michigan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177721651"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101992277","display_name":"Ye Zhu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I102607778","display_name":"Cleveland State University","ror":"https://ror.org/002tx1f22","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Cleveland State University, Cleveland, OH","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I102607778"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.6603,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":37,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.91351105,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"0892","last_page":"0897"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12034","display_name":"Digital and Cyber Forensics","score":0.9943000078201294,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ransomware","display_name":"Ransomware","score":0.9754758477210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android","display_name":"Android (operating system)","score":0.7897560596466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7147382497787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/android-application","display_name":"Android application","score":0.5012695789337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.4803118109703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.46420058608055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-analysis","display_name":"Static analysis","score":0.422435998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-sensitivity","display_name":"Information sensitivity","score":0.4148889183998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.36904990673065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.21508866548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.11986401677131653}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777667771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q926331","display_name":"Ransomware","level":3,"score":0.9754758477210999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C557433098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android (operating system)","level":2,"score":0.7897560596466064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7147382497787476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3017891749","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q94","display_name":"Android application","level":3,"score":0.5012695789337158},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.4803118109703064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.46420058608055115},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97686452","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7604153","display_name":"Static analysis","level":2,"score":0.422435998916626},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137822555","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2587068","display_name":"Information sensitivity","level":2,"score":0.4148889183998108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.36904990673065186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.21508866548538208},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.11986401677131653}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500161","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/3","score":0.8399999737739563,"display_name":"Good health and well-being"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2065339563","https://openalex.org/W2066383384","https://openalex.org/W2095470000","https://openalex.org/W2108312388","https://openalex.org/W2119359024","https://openalex.org/W2128031609","https://openalex.org/W2131303746","https://openalex.org/W2133665775","https://openalex.org/W2276629685","https://openalex.org/W2289508129","https://openalex.org/W2296579688","https://openalex.org/W2367504390","https://openalex.org/W2461373307","https://openalex.org/W2496077260","https://openalex.org/W2513201734","https://openalex.org/W2513529237","https://openalex.org/W2535386169","https://openalex.org/W2542711305","https://openalex.org/W2544488729","https://openalex.org/W2601591992","https://openalex.org/W2619422284","https://openalex.org/W2621123093","https://openalex.org/W2624784043","https://openalex.org/W2738263528","https://openalex.org/W6666744930","https://openalex.org/W6678722026","https://openalex.org/W6718890697","https://openalex.org/W6739289765"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3201228709","https://openalex.org/W2922354075","https://openalex.org/W2610659201","https://openalex.org/W4285507391","https://openalex.org/W3107556205","https://openalex.org/W2805262980","https://openalex.org/W2067547021","https://openalex.org/W2765174411","https://openalex.org/W4234891089","https://openalex.org/W4327782052"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0],"worldwide":[1],"epidemic":[2],"of":[3,22,34,47,61,93,103,145],"ransomware":[4,35,80,110,137],"monetary":[5],"gains":[6],"has":[7],"grown":[8],"astonishingly.":[9],"This":[10,69],"crimeware":[11],"form":[12],"is":[13,54,143],"emerged":[14],"to":[15,57,128],"extort":[16],"innocent":[17],"users":[18],"under":[19],"the":[20,32,45,59,87,119],"threat":[21],"locking":[23],"their":[24,28],"devices":[25],"and/or":[26],"encrypting":[27],"files.":[29],"To":[30],"mitigate":[31],"growth":[33],"attacks,":[36],"cybersecurity":[37],"researchers":[38],"have":[39],"proposed":[40],"various":[41],"solutions":[42],"based":[43],"on":[44,118],"functionalities":[46],"those":[48],"attacks.":[49],"However,":[50],"this":[51,141],"polymorphic":[52],"type":[53],"kept":[55],"refined":[56],"increase":[58],"appearance":[60],"new":[62,74],"families":[63],"and":[64,100],"survive":[65],"against":[66],"mitigation":[67],"approaches.":[68],"paper":[70],"introduces":[71],"RanDroid,":[72],"a":[73,91,101,115],"automated":[75],"lightweight":[76],"approach":[77,142],"for":[78],"detecting":[79],"variants":[81],"in":[82],"Android":[83],"platform":[84],"by":[85],"measuring":[86],"structural":[88],"similarity":[89],"between":[90],"set":[92,102],"collected":[94,107],"information":[95,106],"from":[96,108,149],"an":[97],"inspected":[98],"application":[99],"predefined":[104],"threatening":[105,147],"known":[109],"variants.":[111],"Furthermore,":[112],"RanDroid":[113,132],"performs":[114],"linguistic":[116],"analysis":[117],"app's":[120],"code":[121],"as":[122,124,156],"well":[123],"image":[125],"textural":[126],"strings":[127],"enhance":[129],"further":[130],"revelation.":[131],"was":[133],"evaluated":[134],"using":[135],"950":[136],"samples.":[138],"In":[139],"addition,":[140],"capable":[144],"extracting":[146],"messages":[148],"samples":[150],"that":[151],"use":[152],"evasion":[153],"techniques":[154],"such":[155],"sophisticated":[157],"codes":[158],"or":[159],"dynamic":[160],"payloads.":[161]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}