{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2899325221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","title":"Arc Flash Assessment: Two-Case Study of Public Service Facilities in Kalamazoo, Michigan","display_name":"Arc Flash Assessment: Two-Case Study of Public Service Facilities in Kalamazoo, Michigan","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2899325221","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","mag":"2899325221"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055747265","display_name":"Ghassan A. Bilal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5090-103X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ghassan Bilal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078017945","display_name":"Haider Hashim","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haider Hashim","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020244036","display_name":"Pablo G\u00f3mez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2283-8421"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pablo Gomez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5063932683","display_name":"Ikhlas Abdel\u2010Qader","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141649380","display_name":"Western Michigan University","ror":"https://ror.org/04j198w64","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ikhlas Abdel-Qader","raw_affiliation_strings":["Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electrical and Computer Engineering Department, Western Michigan University, Kalamazoo, MI, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038268529","display_name":"Ahmed Jalil Al-Bayati","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0244-0638"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I103406327","display_name":"Western Carolina University","ror":"https://ror.org/010h78f45","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I103406327"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmed Jalil Al-Bayati","raw_affiliation_strings":["Kimmel School of Construction Management, Western Carolina University, NC, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Kimmel School of Construction Management, Western Carolina University, NC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I103406327"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5055747265"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141649380"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1288,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49548069,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"0040","last_page":"0044"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12737","display_name":"Electrical Fault Detection and Protection","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11357","display_name":"Risk and Safety Analysis","score":0.9955000281333923,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1804","display_name":"Statistics, Probability and Uncertainty"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10809","display_name":"Occupational Health and Safety Research","score":0.9908999800682068,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3614","display_name":"Radiological and Ultrasound Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/36","display_name":"Health Professions"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc-flash","display_name":"Arc flash","score":0.9123413562774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flash","display_name":"Flash (photography)","score":0.6556581854820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arc","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","score":0.6152253150939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.5439798831939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/work","display_name":"Work (physics)","score":0.5104867219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault","display_name":"Fault (geology)","score":0.47615480422973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4374862313270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.4122544527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forensic-engineering","display_name":"Forensic engineering","score":0.39988601207733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.3585032820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/architectural-engineering","display_name":"Architectural engineering","score":0.3550805449485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23077717423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.14630019664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.11282354593276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.1037924587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.07167348265647888}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200769187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2360656","display_name":"Arc flash","level":3,"score":0.9123413562774658},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777526259","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221836","display_name":"Flash (photography)","level":2,"score":0.6556581854820251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83415579","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161973","display_name":"Arc (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.6152253150939941},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.5439798831939697},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18762648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42213","display_name":"Work (physics)","level":2,"score":0.5104867219924927},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C175551986","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q47089","display_name":"Fault (geology)","level":2,"score":0.47615480422973633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4374862313270569},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.4122544527053833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77595967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3151013","display_name":"Forensic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39988601207733154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.3585032820701599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170154142","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q150737","display_name":"Architectural engineering","level":1,"score":0.3550805449485779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23077717423439026},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14630019664764404},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.11282354593276978},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.1037924587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.07167348265647888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142362112","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q735","display_name":"Art","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153349607","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36649","display_name":"Visual arts","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165205528","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83371","display_name":"Seismology","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2018.8500083","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1591562778","https://openalex.org/W1970349371","https://openalex.org/W2011127007","https://openalex.org/W2051193921","https://openalex.org/W2510117946","https://openalex.org/W2770391342","https://openalex.org/W2770782635"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1970158304","https://openalex.org/W1983175820","https://openalex.org/W2134222240","https://openalex.org/W4380480129","https://openalex.org/W2157594248","https://openalex.org/W2544839741","https://openalex.org/W2403218165","https://openalex.org/W35645027","https://openalex.org/W2361750225","https://openalex.org/W2379979744"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Arc":[0],"flash":[1,27,46],"accidents":[2],"are":[3,39,79],"one":[4],"of":[5,9,25,74,94,101],"the":[6,23,29,50,72,98],"leading":[7],"causes":[8,24],"fatal":[10],"and":[11,17,28,43,87],"non-fatal":[12],"injuries":[13],"in":[14,61,71],"both":[15],"construction":[16],"general":[18],"industries.":[19],"This":[20],"paper":[21],"describes":[22],"arc":[26,45],"underlying":[30],"concepts":[31,38],"associated":[32],"with":[33],"short-circuit":[34],"fault":[35],"analysis.":[36],"These":[37,77],"applied":[40],"to":[41,65,105],"model":[42],"simulate":[44],"scenarios":[47],"based":[48],"on":[49],"NFPA":[51,106],"70E":[52],"Standard":[53],"-":[54],"2015":[55],"Edition.":[56],"The":[57,91],"case":[58],"studies":[59,78],"considered":[60],"this":[62,95],"project":[63],"correspond":[64],"two":[66],"public":[67],"services":[68],"facilities":[69],"located":[70],"City":[73],"Kalamazoo,":[75],"Michigan.":[76],"simulated":[80],"using":[81],"EasyPower":[82],"software":[83],"for":[84,109],"short":[85],"circuit":[86],"incident":[88],"energy":[89],"analyses.":[90],"final":[92],"result":[93],"work":[96],"was":[97],"successful":[99],"placement":[100],"arc-flash":[102],"labels":[103],"according":[104],"safety":[107],"standard":[108],"all":[110],"main":[111],"system":[112],"components.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
