{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1611144118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","title":"Traffic sign recognition based on prevailing bag of visual words representation on feature descriptors","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition based on prevailing bag of visual words representation on feature descriptors","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-05-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1611144118","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","mag":"1611144118"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5054798152","display_name":"Kushal Virupakshappa","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kushal Virupakshappa","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101330130","display_name":"Han Yan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0000-6122-1761"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yan Han","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002920793","display_name":"Erdal Oruklu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2376-8325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I180949307","display_name":"Illinois Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/037t3ry66","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erdal Oruklu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering, Illinois Institute of Technology, Chicago, IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering Illinois Institute of Technology Chicago IL","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I180949307"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.5253,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90612586,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":"13","issue":null,"first_page":"489","last_page":"493"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12707","display_name":"Vehicle License Plate Recognition","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9958999752998352,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12549","display_name":"Image and Object Detection Techniques","score":0.993399977684021,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign-recognition","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","score":0.7999273538589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/support-vector-machine","display_name":"Support vector machine","score":0.761390745639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.733834445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7089053988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/traffic-sign","display_name":"Traffic sign","score":0.6974165439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/categorization","display_name":"Categorization","score":0.6195967197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6143666505813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5753030776977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model","display_name":"Bag-of-words model","score":0.5539615154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5522553324699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bag-of-words-model-in-computer-vision","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","score":0.5344682335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sign","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","score":0.5205391645431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.518618106842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.4314889907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/visual-word","display_name":"Visual Word","score":0.30995163321495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.1359875500202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image-retrieval","display_name":"Image retrieval","score":0.09202557802200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.06648576259613037}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6528762","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1574298","display_name":"Traffic sign recognition","level":4,"score":0.7999273538589478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.761390745639801},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.733834445476532},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7089053988456726},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983860417","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170285","display_name":"Traffic sign","level":3,"score":0.6974165439605713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94124525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q912550","display_name":"Categorization","level":2,"score":0.6195967197418213},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6143666505813599},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5753030776977539},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13672336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3460803","display_name":"Bag-of-words model","level":2,"score":0.5539615154266357},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5522553324699402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167611913","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6884747","display_name":"Bag-of-words model in computer vision","level":5,"score":0.5344682335853577},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139676723","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1193832","display_name":"Sign (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5205391645431519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.518618106842041},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.4314889907836914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189391414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7936579","display_name":"Visual Word","level":4,"score":0.30995163321495056},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.1359875500202179},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1667742","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10927554","display_name":"Image retrieval","level":3,"score":0.09202557802200317},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.06648576259613037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eit.2015.7293387","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Conference on Electro/Information Technology (EIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051236530","https://openalex.org/W2077537374","https://openalex.org/W2079854881","https://openalex.org/W2126628495","https://openalex.org/W2136094925","https://openalex.org/W2146094423","https://openalex.org/W2542352283","https://openalex.org/W6663411461","https://openalex.org/W6728542690"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2158102958","https://openalex.org/W1615295117","https://openalex.org/W2035094092","https://openalex.org/W2045213079","https://openalex.org/W2938717424","https://openalex.org/W2277784908","https://openalex.org/W2179703327","https://openalex.org/W2587721114","https://openalex.org/W2032791227","https://openalex.org/W1611144118"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Driver":[0],"Assistance":[1],"Systems":[2],"such":[3],"as":[4],"traffic":[5,45,61],"sign":[6],"detection":[7],"and":[8,22,47],"autonomous":[9],"car":[10],"research":[11],"are":[12],"largely":[13],"facilitated":[14],"with":[15],"the":[16,44,49,60,71],"recent":[17],"advances":[18],"on":[19,36],"computer":[20],"vision":[21],"pattern":[23],"recognition.":[24],"In":[25],"this":[26],"work,":[27],"Bag":[28],"of":[29,43,74,80],"visual":[30],"Words":[31],"technique":[32],"has":[33],"been":[34],"implemented":[35],"Speeded":[37],"Up":[38],"Robust":[39],"Feature":[40],"(SURF)":[41],"descriptors":[42],"signs":[46,62],"later":[48],"sturdy":[50],"classifier":[51],"Support":[52],"Vector":[53],"Machine":[54],"(SVM)":[55],"is":[56],"used":[57],"to":[58,63],"categorize":[59],"its":[64],"respective":[65],"groups.":[66],"Experimental":[67],"results":[68],"demonstrate":[69],"that":[70],"proposed":[72],"method":[73],"implementation":[75],"can":[76],"reach":[77],"an":[78],"accuracy":[79],"95.2%.":[81]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}