{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3033501935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","title":"Identification and Detection of Human Trafficking Using Language Models","display_name":"Identification and Detection of Human Trafficking Using Language Models","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3033501935","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","mag":"3033501935"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050032340","display_name":"Jessica Zhu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8729-511X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I63966007","display_name":"Massachusetts Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/042nb2s44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Jessica Zhu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Operations Research Center, Massachusetts Institute of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100412883","display_name":"Lin Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4764-1679"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210122954","display_name":"MIT Lincoln Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/022z6jk58","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954","https://openalex.org/I63966007"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lin Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Artificial Intelligence Technology and Systems, MIT Lincoln Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Artificial Intelligence Technology and Systems, MIT Lincoln Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210122954"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067912989","display_name":"Cara Jones","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9112-4751"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210158876","display_name":"Marinus Pharmaceuticals (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/058sw7g55","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158876"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cara Jones","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marinus Analytics"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marinus Analytics","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210158876"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5050032340"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I63966007"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.0804,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94486809,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"24","last_page":"31"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11350","display_name":"Sex work and related issues","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9423999786376953,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human-trafficking","display_name":"Human trafficking","score":0.771137535572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.7340980768203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7301536798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law-enforcement","display_name":"Law enforcement","score":0.6047741770744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/identification","display_name":"Identification (biology)","score":0.6018056273460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/rank","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","score":0.5681951642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/language-model","display_name":"Language model","score":0.5043414831161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.46678221225738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4122607111930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.40518510341644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.3541426658630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/criminology","display_name":"Criminology","score":0.08902734518051147}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984309518","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181784","display_name":"Human trafficking","level":2,"score":0.771137535572052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.7340980768203735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7301536798477173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780262971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44554","display_name":"Law enforcement","level":2,"score":0.6047741770744324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116834253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2039217","display_name":"Identification (biology)","level":2,"score":0.6018056273460388},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164226766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7293202","display_name":"Rank (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.5681951642036438},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137293760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3621696","display_name":"Language model","level":2,"score":0.5043414831161499},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.46678221225738525},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4122607111930847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.40518510341644287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.3541426658630371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73484699","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161733","display_name":"Criminology","level":1,"score":0.08902734518051147},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59822182","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q441","display_name":"Botany","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eisic49498.2019.9108860","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 European Intelligence and Security Informatics Conference (EISIC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","score":0.5299999713897705,"display_name":"Gender equality"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1120412116","https://openalex.org/W1934041838","https://openalex.org/W1963579188","https://openalex.org/W1978494051","https://openalex.org/W1987052986","https://openalex.org/W2056616734","https://openalex.org/W2119821739","https://openalex.org/W2134800885","https://openalex.org/W2612390875","https://openalex.org/W2739862888","https://openalex.org/W2787349793","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2912672568","https://openalex.org/W3169849430","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W6679855610"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W591528466","https://openalex.org/W3082943548","https://openalex.org/W3082037814","https://openalex.org/W3124131174","https://openalex.org/W2340486723","https://openalex.org/W4235187812","https://openalex.org/W2768439020","https://openalex.org/W3196231715","https://openalex.org/W2095523778","https://openalex.org/W1821765085"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0],"this":[1,65],"paper,":[2],"we":[3,92],"present":[4],"a":[5,35,42,119],"novel":[6],"language":[7,23,27],"model-based":[8],"method":[9,52,66,117],"for":[10,89,123],"detecting":[11],"both":[12,84],"human":[13,48,104,136],"trafficking":[14,17,49,105,137],"ads":[15,129],"and":[16,40,55,71,87,107,130,138],"indicators.":[18],"The":[19,51],"proposed":[20],"system":[21,96],"leverages":[22],"models":[24,81],"to":[25,46,57,67,101,126],"learn":[26],"structures":[28],"in":[29],"adult":[30],"service":[31],"ads,":[32],"automatically":[33],"select":[34],"list":[36],"of":[37,135],"keyword":[38],"features,":[39],"train":[41],"machine":[43],"learning":[44],"model":[45],"detect":[47,102],"ads.":[50],"is":[53],"interpretable":[54],"adaptable":[56],"changing":[58],"keywords":[59],"used":[60],"by":[61],"traffickers.":[62],"We":[63],"apply":[64],"the":[68,79],"Trafficking-10k":[69],"dataset":[70],"show":[72],"that":[73,82,94,132],"it":[74],"achieves":[75],"better":[76],"results":[77],"than":[78],"previous":[80],"leverage":[83],"ad":[85],"text":[86],"images":[88],"detection.":[90],"Furthermore,":[91],"demonstrate":[93],"our":[95],"can":[97],"be":[98],"successfully":[99],"applied":[100],"suspected":[103,134],"organizations":[106,110,131],"rank":[108],"these":[109],"based":[111],"on":[112],"their":[113],"risk":[114],"scores.":[115],"This":[116],"provides":[118],"powerful":[120],"new":[121],"capability":[122],"law":[124],"enforcement":[125],"rapidly":[127],"identify":[128],"are":[133],"allow":[139],"more":[140],"proactive":[141],"policing":[142],"using":[143],"data.":[144]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}