{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2101256474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","title":"Coevolution of form and function in the design of micro air vehicles","display_name":"Coevolution of form and function in the design of micro air vehicles","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2101256474","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","mag":"2101256474"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2002 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111597025","display_name":"Magda Bugajska","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"M.D. Bugajska","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5515, Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Washington D.C., DC, USA","Navy Center for Appl. Res. in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5515, Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Appl. Res. in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103004799","display_name":"Anna Charlotte Schultz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1484-9120"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1288214837","display_name":"United States Naval Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04d23a975","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I175003984","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"A.C. Schultz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5515, Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Washington D.C., DC, USA","Navy Center for Appl. Res. in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Research Laboratory, Code 5515, Navy Center for Applied Research in Artificial Intelligence, Washington D.C., DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Navy Center for Appl. Res. in Artificial Intelligence, Naval Res. Lab., Washington, DC, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1288214837"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":24,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"154","last_page":"163"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12784","display_name":"Modular Robots and Swarm Intelligence","score":0.9968000054359436,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2210","display_name":"Mechanical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10462","display_name":"Reinforcement Learning in Robotics","score":0.9962000250816345,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11975","display_name":"Evolutionary Algorithms and Applications","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/coevolution","display_name":"Coevolution","score":0.8466289043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/controller","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","score":0.6418207883834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/suite","display_name":"Suite","score":0.6161158084869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6135167479515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/function","display_name":"Function (biology)","score":0.5536599159240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.452725887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.44621214270591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/collision","display_name":"Collision","score":0.41579484939575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control-engineering","display_name":"Control engineering","score":0.3337608575820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1968429684638977}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33009525","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q208841","display_name":"Coevolution","level":2,"score":0.8466289043426514},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C203479927","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5165939","display_name":"Controller (irrigation)","level":2,"score":0.6418207883834839},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79581498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1367530","display_name":"Suite","level":2,"score":0.6161158084869385},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6135167479515076},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C14036430","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3736076","display_name":"Function (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5536599159240723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.452725887298584},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.44621214270591736},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121704057","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q352070","display_name":"Collision","level":2,"score":0.41579484939575195},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133731056","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4917288","display_name":"Control engineering","level":1,"score":0.3337608575820923},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1968429684638977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78458016","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840400","display_name":"Evolutionary biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6557445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173113","display_name":"Agronomy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95457728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q309","display_name":"History","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/eh.2002.1029881","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings 2002 NASA/DoD Conference on Evolvable Hardware","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:ADA480642","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://oai.dtic.mil/oai/oai?&verb=getRecord&metadataPrefix=html&identifier=ADA480642","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406923043","display_name":"Defense Technical Information Center (DTIC)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"DTIC","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.343.5804","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.343.5804","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":32,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W16580154","https://openalex.org/W20664472","https://openalex.org/W42070915","https://openalex.org/W70072898","https://openalex.org/W332883923","https://openalex.org/W1509674987","https://openalex.org/W1525245490","https://openalex.org/W1555399416","https://openalex.org/W1558732707","https://openalex.org/W1791838731","https://openalex.org/W1805994660","https://openalex.org/W1903872385","https://openalex.org/W1938126703","https://openalex.org/W1953874888","https://openalex.org/W2127197749","https://openalex.org/W2142040995","https://openalex.org/W2149054115","https://openalex.org/W2149871187","https://openalex.org/W2543115189","https://openalex.org/W4245260610","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6600700788","https://openalex.org/W6600850457","https://openalex.org/W6601703587","https://openalex.org/W6602839891","https://openalex.org/W6611325176","https://openalex.org/W6630535995","https://openalex.org/W6631380806","https://openalex.org/W6633392686","https://openalex.org/W6638158533","https://openalex.org/W6640925105","https://openalex.org/W6827038600"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3144412313","https://openalex.org/W2634235285","https://openalex.org/W2492504662","https://openalex.org/W2122994901","https://openalex.org/W2942642331","https://openalex.org/W200599908","https://openalex.org/W2020991882","https://openalex.org/W2164185151","https://openalex.org/W4389610483","https://openalex.org/W2000675896"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"discusses":[2],"approaches":[3,58],"to":[4,59],"cooperative":[5],"coevolution":[6],"of":[7,28,61],"for":[8,11,19,42,45,54,70],"and":[9,17,36,39,63,66,69,84,90],"function":[10],"autonomous":[12,21],"vehicles,":[13],"specifically":[14],"evolving":[15],"morphology":[16],"control":[18,73],"an":[20],"micro":[22],"air":[23],"vehicle":[24],"(MAV).":[25],"The":[26],"evolution":[27,60],"a":[29,85],"sensor":[30],"suite":[31],"with":[32],"minimal":[33],"size,":[34],"weight,":[35],"power":[37],"requirements,":[38],"reactive":[40],"strategies":[41],"collision-free":[43],"navigation":[44],"the":[46,80],"simulated":[47],"MAV":[48],"is":[49],"described.":[50],"Results":[51],"are":[52],"presented":[53],"several":[55],"different":[56,72],"coevolutionary":[57],"form":[62],"junction":[64],"(single-":[65],"multiple-species":[67],"models)":[68],"two":[71],"architectures":[74],"(a":[75],"rulebase":[76],"controller":[77,88],"based":[78],"on":[79],"SAMUEL":[81],"learning":[82],"system":[83],"neural":[86],"network":[87],"implemented":[89],"evolved":[91],"using":[92],"ECkit).":[93]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}