{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4280610402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822","title":"Gender analysis on the Ph.D. theses defended in Spain in the field of Optics and Photonics","display_name":"Gender analysis on the Ph.D. theses defended in Spain in the field of Optics and Photonics","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-03-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4280610402","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607828","display_name":"2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://academica-e.unavarra.es/bitstreams/0d8816bd-c147-4d36-94b9-ceafbaf61b6d/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048032738","display_name":"Rosa Ana P\u00e9rez-Herrera","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6856-9143"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","display_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","ror":"https://ror.org/02z0cah89","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88155538","display_name":"Universidad de Navarra","ror":"https://ror.org/02rxc7m23","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Rosa Ana Perez-Herrera","raw_affiliation_strings":["Public University of Navarra,Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering,Pamplona,Spain","Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Public University of Navarra,Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering,Pamplona,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016","https://openalex.org/I88155538"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical Electronic and Communication Engineering, Public University of Navarra, Pamplona, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I175051016","https://openalex.org/I88155538"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5049345329","display_name":"Mar\u00eda-Baralida Tom\u00e1s","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9648-7209"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130194489","display_name":"University of Alicante","ror":"https://ror.org/05t8bcz72","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria-Baralida Tomas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto Universitario de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnolog&#x00ED;as, Universidad de Alicante,Alicante,Spain","as, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain","sica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnolog&#x00ED"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto Universitario de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnolog&#x00ED;as, Universidad de Alicante,Alicante,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"as, Universidad de Alicante, Alicante, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130194489"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"sica Aplicada a las Ciencias y las Tecnolog&#x00ED","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026904550","display_name":"Beatriz Santamar\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3714-7922"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I6585545","display_name":"European Telecommunications Standards Institute","ror":"https://ror.org/00pwny267","country_code":"FR","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I6585545"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I88060688","display_name":"Universidad Polit\u00e9cnica de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03n6nwv02","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]}],"countries":["ES","FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Beatriz Santamaria","raw_affiliation_strings":["ETSIDI Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Madrid,GOFB-CTB, Dpto. Ing. Qu&#x00ED;mica, Mec&#x00E1;nica y Dise&#x00F1;o Industrial,Madrid,Spain","cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","mica, Mec&#x00E1","nica y Dise&#x00F1","o Industrial, ETSIDI Universidad Polit&#x00E9"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ETSIDI Universidad Polit&#x00E9;cnica de Madrid,GOFB-CTB, Dpto. Ing. Qu&#x00ED;mica, Mec&#x00E1;nica y Dise&#x00F1;o Industrial,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I88060688"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"cnica de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"mica, Mec&#x00E1","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"nica y Dise&#x00F1","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"o Industrial, ETSIDI Universidad Polit&#x00E9","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I6585545"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009070793","display_name":"Alba de las Heras","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9065-9076"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I184999862","display_name":"Universidad de Salamanca","ror":"https://ror.org/02f40zc51","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alba De Las Heras","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad de Salamanca,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Salamanca,Spain","Departamento de F&#x00ED"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad de Salamanca,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Salamanca,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I184999862"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F&#x00ED","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083023012","display_name":"Clara Bened\u00ed\u2010Garc\u00eda","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9361-4137"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210117526","display_name":"Unidades Centrales Cient\u00edfico-T\u00e9cnicas","ror":"https://ror.org/01wdt4y78","country_code":"ES","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801357902","https://openalex.org/I4210117526","https://openalex.org/I4387152914"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Clara Benedi-Garcia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de &#x00D3;ptica,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&#x00ED;ficas,Madrid,Spain","ficas, Instituto de &#x00D3","ptica, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de &#x00D3;ptica,Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Cient&#x00ED;ficas,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210117526"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ficas, Instituto de &#x00D3","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"ptica, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058134742","display_name":"Ana I. G\u00f3mez\u2010Varela","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8191-0257"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ana I. Gomez-Varela","raw_affiliation_strings":["Instituto de Materiais Univ. de Santiago de Compostela,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Santiago de Compostela,Spain","Departamento de F&#x00ED"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Instituto de Materiais Univ. de Santiago de Compostela,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Santiago de Compostela,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F&#x00ED","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048427148","display_name":"Martina Delgado\u2010Pinar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0339-5090"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16097986","display_name":"Universitat de Val\u00e8ncia","ror":"https://ror.org/043nxc105","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Martina Delgado-Pinar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universitat de VaDncia,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Valencia,Spain","Departamento de F&#x00ED"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universitat de VaDncia,Departamento de F&#x00ED;sica Aplicada,Valencia,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16097986"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de F&#x00ED","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036825114","display_name":"V. Gonz\u00e1lez Fern\u00e1ndez","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8153-2903"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I121748325","display_name":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/02p0gd045","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Veronica Gonzalez-Fernandez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Dpto. De &#x00D3;ptica,Madrid,Spain","Dpto. De &#x00D3"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universidad Complutense de Madrid,Dpto. De &#x00D3;ptica,Madrid,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I121748325"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dpto. De &#x00D3","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":10,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.2295,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93310754,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1948","last_page":"1955"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9476000070571899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10843","display_name":"Diversity and Career in Medicine","score":0.9476000070571899,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3318","display_name":"Gender Studies"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5790340900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.5498714447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.4660068154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gender-bias","display_name":"Gender bias","score":0.45079073309898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.37113553285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3584589958190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sociology","display_name":"Sociology","score":0.32296502590179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.24360185861587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.22939592599868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.19992005825042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.10819107294082642}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5790340900421143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.5498714447021484},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.4660068154335022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983427547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q93200","display_name":"Gender bias","level":2,"score":0.45079073309898376},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.37113553285598755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3584589958190918},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.32296502590179443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.24360185861587524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.22939592599868774},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.19992005825042725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.10819107294082642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/educon52537.2022.9766822","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4363607828","display_name":"2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 IEEE Global Engineering Education Conference (EDUCON)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/44088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2454/44088","pdf_url":"https://academica-e.unavarra.es/bitstreams/0d8816bd-c147-4d36-94b9-ceafbaf61b6d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402560","display_name":"Academica-e (Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","host_organization_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:academica-e.unavarra.es:2454/44088","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/2454/44088","pdf_url":"https://academica-e.unavarra.es/bitstreams/0d8816bd-c147-4d36-94b9-ceafbaf61b6d/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402560","display_name":"Academica-e (Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I175051016","host_organization_name":"Universidad P\u00fablica de Navarra (UPNA)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I175051016"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/5","display_name":"Gender equality","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280610402.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4280610402.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2580263176","https://openalex.org/W2895886948","https://openalex.org/W2906818045","https://openalex.org/W2962233929","https://openalex.org/W3036769119","https://openalex.org/W3042079197","https://openalex.org/W3184124409","https://openalex.org/W3215693961"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2899084033","https://openalex.org/W2748952813","https://openalex.org/W2160354163","https://openalex.org/W1966975529","https://openalex.org/W1980685406","https://openalex.org/W2300032333","https://openalex.org/W2033455249","https://openalex.org/W2019646663","https://openalex.org/W2035084143","https://openalex.org/W4297109642"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Unconscious":[0],"perceptions":[1],"and":[2,28,36,61,71,90,95],"decisions":[3],"are":[4,97],"influenced":[5],"by":[6,32],"gender":[7,65,80],"bias.":[8],"In":[9],"this":[10],"work,":[11],"we":[12],"provide":[13],"an":[14],"exhaustive":[15],"data":[16],"analysis":[17],"of":[18,26,44,79,102],"the":[19,24,47,51],"Ph.D.":[20,48],"theses":[21],"defended":[22],"in":[23,30,46,50,59,69,82,99,109],"field":[25],"optics":[27,52],"photonics":[29],"Spain":[31],"filtering":[33],"key":[34],"descriptors":[35],"gender.":[37],"Our":[38],"results":[39],"show":[40],"a":[41,77],"severe":[42],"underrepresentation":[43],"women":[45],"stage":[49],"community,":[53],"which":[54],"becomes":[55],"even":[56],"more":[57],"prominent":[58],"technological":[60],"theoretical":[62],"domains.":[63],"The":[64],"gap":[66],"is":[67,76],"reduced":[68],"biomedical":[70],"visual":[72],"optics.":[73],"This":[74],"asymmetry":[75],"symptom":[78],"bias":[81],"science":[83,103],"associated":[84],"with":[85],"traditional":[86],"stereotypes":[87],"about":[88],"health":[89],"social":[91],"care.":[92],"Further":[93],"studies":[94],"measures":[96],"required":[98],"specific":[100],"areas":[101],"to":[104],"eradicate":[105],"implicit":[106],"gender-based":[107],"associations":[108],"scientific":[110],"disciplines.":[111]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-21T09:56:20.448147","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
