{"id":"https://openalex.org/W7123929812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698","title":"Short Path to Phishing: Identifying Misused URL Shortening Services in the Wild","display_name":"Short Path to Phishing: Identifying Misused URL Shortening Services in the Wild","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-11-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W7123929812","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05558295","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5120610206","display_name":"Zul Odgerel","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-3254-1403"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Zul Odgerel","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020247243","display_name":"Yevheniya Nosyk","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-1094-7519"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yevheniya Nosyk","raw_affiliation_strings":["KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109041954","display_name":"Jan Bayer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2619-1103"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jan Bayer","raw_affiliation_strings":["KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014818336","display_name":"Sourena Maroofi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6661-7503"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sourena Maroofi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122961551","display_name":"Louis Bedeschi","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Louis Bedeschi","raw_affiliation_strings":["KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"KOR Labs Cybersecurity,France","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5122961826","display_name":"Andrzej Duda","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrzej Duda","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011939731","display_name":"Maciej Korczy\u0144ski","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4334-3260"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I899635006","display_name":"Universit\u00e9 Grenoble Alpes","ror":"https://ror.org/02rx3b187","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104430","display_name":"Laboratoire d'Informatique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/01c8rcg82","country_code":"FR","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I1326498283","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I4210159245","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I106785703","display_name":"Institut polytechnique de Grenoble","ror":"https://ror.org/05sbt2524","country_code":"FR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I899635006"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","display_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","ror":"https://ror.org/02feahw73","country_code":"FR","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"]}],"countries":["FR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maciej Korczy\u0144ski","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. Grenoble Alpes,CNRS, Grenoble INP, LIG,France","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I899635006","https://openalex.org/I106785703"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":7,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5120610206"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I106785703","https://openalex.org/I1294671590","https://openalex.org/I4210104430","https://openalex.org/I899635006"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.7507,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.93988138,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"13"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9350000023841858,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.018699999898672104,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12016","display_name":"Web Data Mining and Analysis","score":0.01759999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phishing","display_name":"Phishing","score":0.8766999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/classifier","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/random-forest","display_name":"Random forest","score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/path","display_name":"Path (computing)","score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/misattribution-of-memory","display_name":"Misattribution of memory","score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/false-positive-paradox","display_name":"False positive paradox","score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/domain-name-system","display_name":"Domain Name System","score":0.40779998898506165}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83860907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q135005","display_name":"Phishing","level":3,"score":0.8766999840736389},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.765500009059906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.7613000273704529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95623464","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096149","display_name":"Classifier (UML)","level":2,"score":0.5343000292778015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.5249000191688538},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169258074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245748","display_name":"Random forest","level":2,"score":0.5020999908447266},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777735758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q817765","display_name":"Path (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4602999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120039088","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6875176","display_name":"Misattribution of memory","level":3,"score":0.44339999556541443},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64869954","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1859747","display_name":"False positive paradox","level":2,"score":0.42579999566078186},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36503486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11235244","display_name":"Domain (mathematical analysis)","level":2,"score":0.41269999742507935},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35026560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8767","display_name":"Domain Name System","level":3,"score":0.40779998898506165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3968999981880188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146849305","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q370766","display_name":"Ground truth","level":2,"score":0.37470000982284546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.3723999857902527},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12267149","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q282453","display_name":"Support vector machine","level":2,"score":0.3352999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988987868","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q32635","display_name":"Domain name","level":3,"score":0.3345000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71745522","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2476929","display_name":"Confidentiality","level":2,"score":0.3294000029563904},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780264999","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7445032","display_name":"Security domain","level":2,"score":0.3253999948501587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.3160000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124101348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q172491","display_name":"Data mining","level":1,"score":0.3066999912261963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.30329999327659607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.29409998655319214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59577422","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10265143","display_name":"False accusation","level":2,"score":0.29319998621940613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.28299999237060547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780009758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804172","display_name":"Measure (data warehouse)","level":2,"score":0.27889999747276306},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.27300000190734863},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C35578498","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193424","display_name":"Web service","level":2,"score":0.2727999985218048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2720000147819519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779797433","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q632959","display_name":"Blacklisting","level":2,"score":0.2621999979019165},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777548347","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5456937","display_name":"Flagging","level":2,"score":0.2603999972343445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C522325796","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471880","display_name":"Identity theft","level":2,"score":0.2556000053882599}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime66972.2025.11327698","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05558295v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05558295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2025 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime), Nov 2025, San Diego, United States. pp.1-13, ⟨10.1109/eCrime66972.2025.11327698⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:HAL:hal-05558295v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://hal.science/hal-05558295","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402512","display_name":"HAL (Le Centre pour la Communication Scientifique Directe)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I1294671590","host_organization_name":"Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1294671590"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"2025 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime), Nov 2025, San Diego, United States. pp.1-13, ⟨10.1109/eCrime66972.2025.11327698⟩","raw_type":"Conference papers"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.5881513357162476,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1775663022","https://openalex.org/W1900626215","https://openalex.org/W1971731579","https://openalex.org/W1979332355","https://openalex.org/W2055597027","https://openalex.org/W2066935271","https://openalex.org/W2748245824","https://openalex.org/W2805724970","https://openalex.org/W2808359841","https://openalex.org/W2904027722","https://openalex.org/W3097435565","https://openalex.org/W4324009175","https://openalex.org/W4408750119"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"URL":[0,120,142,154],"shortening":[1,86,121,143],"services":[2,27,122],"are":[3,99],"commonly":[4],"used":[5],"to":[6,28,53,132,140,162,183,190],"share":[7],"long":[8],"links,":[9],"which":[10,48],"avoids":[11],"the":[12,15,79,202,214,222,229],"limits":[13],"on":[14,45,69],"number":[16],"of":[17,81,119,152,160,176,217],"characters":[18],"imposed":[19],"by":[20],"online":[21],"platforms.":[22],"However,":[23],"cybercriminals":[24],"exploit":[25],"these":[26],"obscure":[29],"link":[30],"destinations,":[31],"bypass":[32],"security":[33],"filters,":[34],"and":[35,65,111,116,156,193],"deceive":[36],"users.":[37],"Consequently,":[38],"short":[39,219],"URLs":[40,188],"involved":[41],"in":[42,201,207],"phishing":[43,187],"appear":[44],"popular":[46],"blocklists,":[47],"may":[49],"trigger":[50],"abuse":[51,70,106],"notifications":[52],"registrars":[54],"or":[55],"TLD":[56],"registries.":[57],"This":[58],"misattribution":[59],"forces":[60],"them":[61],"into":[62],"manual":[63],"investigations":[64],"consumes":[66],"valuable":[67],"time":[68,232],"that":[71,96,103,112,228],"is":[72,88,123,233],"not":[73,89,204],"under":[74],"their":[75],"direct":[76],"responsibility.":[77],"If":[78],"role":[80],"a":[82,85,129,135,141,148,174],"domain":[83,137],"as":[84],"service":[87],"recognized,":[90],"it":[91],"risks":[92],"mistaken":[93],"suspension":[94],"despite":[95],"most":[97,224],"links":[98,220],"benign.":[100],"We":[101,145],"argue":[102],"addressing":[104],"such":[105],"requires":[107],"tailored":[108],"mitigation":[109,231],"strategies":[110],"maintaining":[113],"an":[114],"accurate":[115],"up-to-date":[117],"list":[118],"essential.In":[124],"this":[125],"paper,":[126],"we":[127,179,212],"propose":[128],"classification":[130],"model":[131,196],"determine":[133],"if":[134],"given":[136],"name":[138],"belongs":[139],"service.":[144],"manually":[146],"curate":[147],"ground":[149,209],"truth":[150],"dataset":[151],"211":[153],"shorteners":[155],"collect":[157],"three":[158],"groups":[159],"features":[161],"further":[163],"train":[164],"two":[165],"machine":[166],"learning":[167],"models.":[168],"Our":[169,195],"random":[170],"forest":[171],"classifier":[172],"achieves":[173],"precision":[175],"98.4%.":[177],"Next,":[178],"apply":[180],"our":[181,208],"method":[182],"1.5":[184],"M":[185],"unlabeled":[186],"reported":[189],"APWG,":[191],"OpenPhish,":[192],"PhishTank.":[194],"identifies":[197],"177":[198],"new":[199],"USS":[200],"wild,":[203],"previously":[205],"seen":[206],"truth.":[210],"Finally,":[211],"measure":[213],"post-detection":[215],"uptime":[216],"malicious":[218],"from":[221],"ten":[223],"abused":[225],"USS,":[226],"showing":[227],"median":[230],"within":[234],"48":[235],"hours.":[236]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-05-07T13:39:58.223016","created_date":"2026-01-14T00:00:00"}