{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4379528893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100","title":"\u201cInvest in crypto!\u201d: An analysis of investment scam advertisements found in Bitcointalk","display_name":"\u201cInvest in crypto!\u201d: An analysis of investment scam advertisements found in Bitcointalk","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-11-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4379528893","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/5830720f-24d7-44d3-b938-2a5c84993e68/download","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072574982","display_name":"Gilberto Atondo Siu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-0253-2982"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gilberto Atondo Siu","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,Computer Laboratory,Cambridge,United Kingdom","Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,Computer Laboratory,Cambridge,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055346534","display_name":"Alice Hutchings","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3037-2684"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I241749","display_name":"University of Cambridge","ror":"https://ror.org/013meh722","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alice Hutchings","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Cambridge,Computer Laboratory,Cambridge,United Kingdom","Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Cambridge,Computer Laboratory,Cambridge,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Computer Laboratory, University of Cambridge, Cambridge, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I241749"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5029043055","display_name":"Marie Vasek","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-4045-9493"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","display_name":"University College London","ror":"https://ror.org/02jx3x895","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Marie Vasek","raw_affiliation_strings":["University College London,Department of Computer Science,London,United Kingdom","Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University College London,Department of Computer Science,London,United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University College London, London, United Kingdom","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073243028","display_name":"Tyler Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8771-8191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I87208437","display_name":"University of Tulsa","ror":"https://ror.org/04wn28048","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tyler Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["The University of Tulsa,School of Cyber Studies & Tandy School of Computer Science,Tulsa,Oklahoma,United States","School of Cyber Studies & Tandy School of Computer Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The University of Tulsa,School of Cyber Studies & Tandy School of Computer Science,Tulsa,Oklahoma,United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Cyber Studies & Tandy School of Computer Science, The University of Tulsa, Tulsa, Oklahoma, United States","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I87208437"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":2.2781,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":9,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.90783647,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"12"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9869999885559082,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/investment","display_name":"Investment (military)","score":0.6579433083534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/advertising","display_name":"Advertising","score":0.5544775128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4718382656574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.46917182207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.38269102573394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.32091274857521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/political-science","display_name":"Political science","score":0.07622870802879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/law","display_name":"Law","score":0.06666231155395508}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27548731","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q88272","display_name":"Investment (military)","level":3,"score":0.6579433083534241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112698675","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37038","display_name":"Advertising","level":1,"score":0.5544775128364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4718382656574249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.46917182207107544},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.38269102573394775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.32091274857521057},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.07622870802879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.06666231155395508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94625758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7163","display_name":"Politics","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":4,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime57793.2022.10142100","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/347301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/347301","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/5830720f-24d7-44d3-b938-2a5c84993e68/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},{"id":"pmh:oai:eprints.ucl.ac.uk.OAI2:10164686","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://discovery.ucl.ac.uk/id/eprint/10164686/","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400024","display_name":"UCL Discovery (University College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I45129253","host_organization_name":"University College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I45129253"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"In: Proceedings of theSymposium on Electronic Crime Research 2022. APEG: Online. (2022)","raw_type":"Proceedings paper"},{"id":"doi:10.17863/cam.94716","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.17863/cam.94716","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050737","display_name":"Apollo","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Collection"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:www.repository.cam.ac.uk:1810/347301","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/handle/1810/347301","pdf_url":"https://www.repository.cam.ac.uk/bitstreams/5830720f-24d7-44d3-b938-2a5c84993e68/download","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401777","display_name":"Apollo (University of Cambridge)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I241749","host_organization_name":"University of Cambridge","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I241749"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Conference Object"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3140114509","display_name":"CRII: SaTC: Identifying Fraud in the Cryptocurrency Ecosystem","funder_award_id":"1849729","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","funder_display_name":"National Science Foundation"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G434337789","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HORIZON2020","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","funder_display_name":"European Commission"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379528893.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W4379528893.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":47,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1579838312","https://openalex.org/W1883096928","https://openalex.org/W1912769126","https://openalex.org/W1917632984","https://openalex.org/W1955603680","https://openalex.org/W1993246901","https://openalex.org/W2029936465","https://openalex.org/W2055871071","https://openalex.org/W2087347434","https://openalex.org/W2144211451","https://openalex.org/W2148143831","https://openalex.org/W2155653793","https://openalex.org/W2156109180","https://openalex.org/W2164777277","https://openalex.org/W2222557215","https://openalex.org/W2785317601","https://openalex.org/W2789063661","https://openalex.org/W2798110387","https://openalex.org/W2883464778","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W2918882236","https://openalex.org/W2921674422","https://openalex.org/W2944554782","https://openalex.org/W2948108400","https://openalex.org/W2968035976","https://openalex.org/W3036035276","https://openalex.org/W3041445345","https://openalex.org/W3047945431","https://openalex.org/W3092272025","https://openalex.org/W3093568874","https://openalex.org/W3097942849","https://openalex.org/W3099906806","https://openalex.org/W3177276158","https://openalex.org/W3179074010","https://openalex.org/W3185064794","https://openalex.org/W3186254220","https://openalex.org/W3198693834","https://openalex.org/W4200018912","https://openalex.org/W4206298626","https://openalex.org/W4210382959","https://openalex.org/W4210725758","https://openalex.org/W4220664925","https://openalex.org/W4223466411","https://openalex.org/W4239510810","https://openalex.org/W4244556608","https://openalex.org/W4288057701","https://openalex.org/W6760329883"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4391375266","https://openalex.org/W2908364646","https://openalex.org/W2275271759","https://openalex.org/W2014532210","https://openalex.org/W1992760298","https://openalex.org/W2767629806","https://openalex.org/W2319899002","https://openalex.org/W2953463546","https://openalex.org/W2187359640","https://openalex.org/W2354585676"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0,98],"paper":[1],"investigates":[2],"the":[3,13,36,41,65,69,88,93,105,118,133,145,172,184,210,217,242,250,286,291,302,313,328,331,334,347],"evolution":[4],"of":[5,21,120,122,213,252,304,330,346],"investment":[6,80,205],"scam":[7,201,206,258,287],"lures":[8],"and":[9,44,50,52,59,107,150,159,203,221,225,231,296,352],"scam-related":[10,30,214],"keywords":[11,31,151],"in":[12,29,35,48,57,229,265,276,333,341,350],"cryptocurrency":[14],"online":[15],"forum":[16],"Bitcointalk":[17],"over":[18],"a":[19,27,102,156,318],"period":[20,89,220],"12":[22,218],"years.":[23],"Our":[24,141,309],"findings":[25],"show":[26],"shift":[28],"found":[32,96,264],"within":[33,257],"posts":[34,128,162,292],"forum,":[37,134],"where":[38],"\u201cPonzi\u201d":[39,91],"was":[40,92],"most":[42,45,94,254,262],"popular":[43],"frequently":[46,255,322],"mentioned":[47],"2014":[49],"2018":[51,58,111,232],"\u201cHYIP\u201d":[53],"appeared":[54],"more":[55,71,125,271],"often":[56,272],"2021.":[60],"We":[61,154,169,182,208,234,245,279,299],"also":[62,115,239,300],"identify":[63,285],"that":[64,223,236,312],"financial":[66],"principle":[67,315,349],"is":[68,99,261,316],"tactic":[70,319],"likely":[72],"to":[73,76,104,175,188,248,284,337],"be":[74],"used":[75,256,306,320,336],"lure":[77,305,338],"people":[78],"into":[79,194],"scams":[81,227,238,267],"from":[82,110,129,132,135,163],"2015":[83,230],"until":[84,112,138],"2017,":[85],"coinciding":[86],"with":[87,117],"when":[90],"commonly":[95,263],"keyword.":[97],"followed":[100],"by":[101,307],"transition":[103,147],"authority":[106],"distraction":[108],"principles":[109],"2022,":[113],"which":[114],"coincides":[116],"increase":[119],"popularity":[121,146],"\u201cHYIP\u201d.We":[123],"collect":[124],"than":[126,273,343],"17.8M":[127],"399k":[130],"threads":[131,165,193,215],"July":[136],"2010":[137],"June":[139],"2022.":[140,353],"longitudinal":[142],"analysis":[143],"shows":[144],"between":[148],"subforums":[149],"across":[152,216],"time.":[153],"design":[155],"categorisation":[157],"criteria":[158],"annotate":[160],"4,218":[161],"2,630":[164],"based":[166],"on":[167],"it.":[168],"then":[170],"use":[171,183,246,280,345],"annotated":[173],"sample":[174],"train":[176],"four":[177,195],"machine":[178,281],"learning":[179,282],"statistical":[180],"models.":[181],"best":[185],"performing":[186],"model":[187],"classify":[189,301],"all":[190],"281k":[191],"English-language":[192],"categories:":[196],"overt":[197,224,277,295],"scams,":[198,200],"potential":[199,226,237,266,297],"comments":[202],"not":[204,317],"related.":[207],"analyze":[209],"frequency":[211],"changes":[212],"year":[219],"observe":[222,327],"peaked":[228],"respectively.":[233],"see":[235],"increased":[240],"during":[241],"COVID-19":[243],"pandemic.":[244],"heuristics":[247],"pinpoint":[249],"types":[251,289],"cryptocurrencies":[253,275],"advertisements.":[259],"Bitcoin":[260],"while":[268],"Ethereum":[269],"appears":[270],"other":[274],"scams.":[278,298],"classifiers":[283],"actor":[288],"behind":[290],"categorised":[293],"as":[294,321,323],"type":[303],"scammers.":[308],"results":[310],"indicate":[311],"time":[314],"expected.":[324],"Finally,":[325],"we":[326],"influence":[329],"pandemic":[332],"strategies":[335],"victims,":[339],"reflected":[340],"higher":[342],"expected":[344],"kindness":[348],"2021":[351]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-08-25T07:29:55.448023","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}