{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4225750993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790","title":"Understanding Risk and Risk Perceptions of Cybercrime in Underground Forums","display_name":"Understanding Risk and Risk Perceptions of Cybercrime in Underground Forums","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4225750993","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031242056","display_name":"Maria Bada","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0741-5199"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Maria Bada","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London,Department of Psychology,London,UK","Department of Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London,Department of Psychology,London,UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Psychology, Queen Mary University of London, London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026407300","display_name":"Yi Ting Chua","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3592-0109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I17301866","display_name":"University of Alabama","ror":"https://ror.org/03xrrjk67","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yi Ting Chua","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Alabama,Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,Tuscaloosa,USA","Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Alabama,Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice,Tuscaloosa,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice, University of Alabama, Tuscaloosa, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I17301866"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"11"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11147","display_name":"Misinformation and Its Impacts","score":0.9746000170707703,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10574","display_name":"Crime Patterns and Interventions","score":0.9506999850273132,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cybercrime","display_name":"Cybercrime","score":0.9809235334396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hacker","display_name":"Hacker","score":0.760527491569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.610959529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/internet-privacy","display_name":"Internet privacy","score":0.5192065834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/novelty","display_name":"Novelty","score":0.47902432084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.44836872816085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.41037964820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4058324992656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.30238884687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.26645010709762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.23364999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.20530804991722107}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779390178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29137","display_name":"Cybercrime","level":3,"score":0.9809235334396362},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86844869","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2798820","display_name":"Hacker","level":2,"score":0.760527491569519},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.610959529876709},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108827166","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175975","display_name":"Internet privacy","level":1,"score":0.5192065834999084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778738651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16546687","display_name":"Novelty","level":2,"score":0.47902432084083557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.44836872816085815},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.41037964820861816},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4058324992656708},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.30238884687423706},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.26645010709762573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.23364999890327454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.20530804991722107},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime54498.2021.9738790","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:qmro.qmul.ac.uk:123456789/78969","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://qmro.qmul.ac.uk/xmlui/handle/123456789/78969","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400530","display_name":"Queen Mary Research Online (Queen Mary University of London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","host_organization_name":"Queen Mary University of London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Proceeding"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7099999785423279,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2338899373","https://openalex.org/W4252285266","https://openalex.org/W199254545","https://openalex.org/W2476504758","https://openalex.org/W4248464163","https://openalex.org/W2997836625","https://openalex.org/W2921504876","https://openalex.org/W111175386","https://openalex.org/W4362572734","https://openalex.org/W197818113"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Understanding":[0],"the":[1,4,25,79,103,124,145,157],"reasons":[2],"and":[3,56,100,114,131],"pathways":[5,26],"of":[6,27,49,64,72,87,98,105,119,144,159,169],"people":[7],"becoming":[8],"involved":[9],"in":[10,123],"cybercrime":[11,81,113,163],"has":[12,42],"been":[13,43],"an":[14,95],"important":[15],"topic":[16],"for":[17],"research":[18,41,133],"within":[19],"different":[20,85],"disciplines.":[21],"Studies":[22],"have":[23],"explored":[24],"skilled":[28],"hackers":[29],"into":[30],"deviant":[31,147],"behaviour":[32],"with":[33,162],"a":[34,62,152,167],"focus":[35],"on":[36,61,134],"online":[37],"gaming,":[38],"however":[39],"little":[40],"conducted":[44],"around":[45,107],"understanding":[46],"risk":[47,160,170],"perception":[48,158],"cybercrime.":[50],"This":[51],"study":[52,74,121],"investigates":[53],"both":[54],"surface":[55],"dark":[57],"web":[58],"forums,":[59],"focusing":[60],"variety":[63],"topics":[65],"from":[66],"hacking":[67,141],"to":[68,76,128],"gaming.":[69],"The":[70,117],"aim":[71],"this":[73,120],"is":[75,82,94],"a)":[77],"investigate":[78],"ways":[80],"perceived":[83],"among":[84],"members":[86],"underground":[88],"forums;":[89],"b)":[90],"identify":[91,102],"whether":[92],"there":[93],"emotional":[96],"construct":[97],"cybercrime;":[99],"c)":[101],"level":[104],"knowledge":[106],"behaviours":[108],"which":[109],"are":[110,115],"considered":[111],"as":[112,142,164,166],"criminalised.":[116],"novelty":[118],"lies":[122],"methodological":[125],"approach":[126],"taken":[127],"conduct":[129],"qualitative":[130],"quantitative":[132],"large":[135],"text":[136],"datasets.":[137],"Our":[138,149],"findings":[139],"identified":[140],"one":[143],"main":[146],"behaviours.":[148],"analysis":[150],"shows":[151],"general":[153],"optimistic":[154],"bias":[155],"influencing":[156],"associated":[161],"well":[165],"number":[168],"avoidance":[171],"strategies.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
