{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3186673007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","title":"Beneath the radar: Exploring the economics of business fraud via underground markets","display_name":"Beneath the radar: Exploring the economics of business fraud via underground markets","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-11-16","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3186673007","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","mag":"3186673007"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048211807","display_name":"Carlos Ga\u00f1\u00e1n","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4699-3007"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Carlos H. Ganan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032421506","display_name":"U\u011fur Akyaz\u0131","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ugur Akyazi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083243027","display_name":"E. A. Tsvetkova","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2178-090X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","display_name":"Delft University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2c7k09","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Elena Tsvetkova","raw_affiliation_strings":["Delft University of Technology"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Delft University of Technology","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5048211807"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.0676,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.85083129,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"14"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12519","display_name":"Cybercrime and Law Enforcement Studies","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11644","display_name":"Spam and Phishing Detection","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11838","display_name":"Crime, Illicit Activities, and Governance","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3312","display_name":"Sociology and Political Science"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/revenue","display_name":"Revenue","score":0.8303788900375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.6348875761032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voucher","display_name":"Voucher","score":0.5686478614807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/product","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","score":0.5391320586204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commit","display_name":"Commit","score":0.5278698801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/loyalty","display_name":"Loyalty","score":0.48088696599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/commerce","display_name":"Commerce","score":0.3831486999988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.3156117796897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/accounting","display_name":"Accounting","score":0.2993297576904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.14790552854537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/database","display_name":"Database","score":0.10075992345809937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C195487862","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q850210","display_name":"Revenue","level":2,"score":0.8303788900375366},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.6348875761032104},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105458232","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q689044","display_name":"Voucher","level":2,"score":0.5686478614807129},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90673727","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901718","display_name":"Product (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5391320586204529},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q19776675","display_name":"Commit","level":2,"score":0.5278698801994324},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776967331","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1132131","display_name":"Loyalty","level":2,"score":0.48088696599006653},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54750564","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q26643","display_name":"Commerce","level":1,"score":0.3831486999988556},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.3156117796897888},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121955636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4116214","display_name":"Accounting","level":1,"score":0.2993297576904297},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.14790552854537964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77088390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8513","display_name":"Database","level":1,"score":0.10075992345809937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecrime51433.2020.9493263","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 APWG Symposium on Electronic Crime Research (eCrime)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:tudelft.nl:uuid:0d2100f9-808f-4627-a08f-f63a203b216c","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://resolver.tudelft.nl/uuid:0d2100f9-808f-4627-a08f-f63a203b216c","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400906","display_name":"Research Repository (Delft University of Technology)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I98358874","host_organization_name":"Delft University of Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I98358874"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"conference paper"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.8100000023841858,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":42,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W187462026","https://openalex.org/W1412796528","https://openalex.org/W1514527998","https://openalex.org/W1568775437","https://openalex.org/W1788061570","https://openalex.org/W1991979340","https://openalex.org/W2002640729","https://openalex.org/W2019409208","https://openalex.org/W2025332121","https://openalex.org/W2113341218","https://openalex.org/W2121377134","https://openalex.org/W2122551442","https://openalex.org/W2128728535","https://openalex.org/W2269520727","https://openalex.org/W2289450079","https://openalex.org/W2344840125","https://openalex.org/W2482749303","https://openalex.org/W2519123369","https://openalex.org/W2622947223","https://openalex.org/W2784093140","https://openalex.org/W2790721691","https://openalex.org/W2798110387","https://openalex.org/W2799471662","https://openalex.org/W2888975450","https://openalex.org/W2889044571","https://openalex.org/W2897143475","https://openalex.org/W2914228651","https://openalex.org/W2948072163","https://openalex.org/W2969064802","https://openalex.org/W2987755304","https://openalex.org/W3012804127","https://openalex.org/W4255756077","https://openalex.org/W6607713467","https://openalex.org/W6628266772","https://openalex.org/W6634039920","https://openalex.org/W6693548710","https://openalex.org/W6704398640","https://openalex.org/W6722058072","https://openalex.org/W6726295457","https://openalex.org/W6755375933","https://openalex.org/W6763238779","https://openalex.org/W6767080193"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2347879502","https://openalex.org/W1514437803","https://openalex.org/W2017742213","https://openalex.org/W2054111746","https://openalex.org/W1999573855","https://openalex.org/W2130929887","https://openalex.org/W3124171477","https://openalex.org/W1517486274","https://openalex.org/W1982480182","https://openalex.org/W4387536775"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Underground":[0],"marketplaces":[1],"have":[2],"emerged":[3],"as":[4,29],"a":[5],"common":[6],"channel":[7],"for":[8,162],"criminals":[9],"to":[10,40,84,125,174],"offer":[11],"their":[12],"products":[13,27,117],"and":[14,32,77],"services.":[15],"A":[16],"portion":[17],"of":[18,25,50,53,81,89,104,118],"these":[19,108],"product":[20],"comprises":[21],"the":[22,48,87,90,102,133,145,163,167],"illegal":[23],"trading":[24],"consumer":[26],"such":[28],"vouchers,":[30],"coupons,":[31],"loyalty":[33,142],"program":[34],"accounts":[35,131],"that":[36,100,113],"are":[37,132,153,172],"later":[38],"used":[39],"commit":[41],"business":[42,54,82,105],"fraud.":[43],"Despite":[44],"its":[45],"well-known":[46],"existence,":[47],"impact":[49,103],"this":[51],"type":[52],"fraud":[55,83,106],"has":[56],"not":[57],"been":[58],"analyzed":[59],"in":[60,160],"depth":[61],"before.":[62],"By":[63],"leveraging":[64],"longitudinal":[65],"data":[66],"from":[67,72,94],"8":[68],"major":[69],"underground":[70],"markets":[71],"2011-2017,":[73],"we":[74,97],"identify,":[75],"classify":[76],"quantify":[78],"different":[79],"types":[80],"then":[85],"analyze":[86],"characteristics":[88],"companies":[91,123],"who":[92],"suffered":[93],"them.":[95],"Moreover,":[96],"investigate":[98],"factors":[99],"influence":[101],"on":[107],"companies.":[109],"Our":[110],"models":[111],"show":[112],"cybercriminals":[114],"prefer":[115],"selling":[116],"well-established":[119],"companies,":[120],"while":[121,137],"smaller":[122],"appear":[124],"suffer":[126],"higher":[127],"revenue":[128,147,170],"losses.":[129,148],"Stolen":[130],"most":[134],"transacted":[135],"items,":[136],"pirated":[138],"software":[139],"together":[140],"with":[141],"programs":[143],"create":[144],"heaviest":[146],"The":[149],"estimated":[150,169],"criminal":[151],"revenues":[152],"relatively":[154],"low,":[155],"at":[156],"under":[157],"600":[158],"000":[159],"total":[161,168],"whole":[164],"period;":[165],"but":[166],"losses":[171],"up":[173],"7.5":[175],"millions.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
