{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417053553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129","title":"Attenuation-Resilient 1-Gbit/s OOK Underwater Free-Space Optical Communications Using a Longitudinally Structured Multi- $k_{z}$ Bessel Beam","display_name":"Attenuation-Resilient 1-Gbit/s OOK Underwater Free-Space Optical Communications Using a Longitudinally Structured Multi- $k_{z}$ Bessel Beam","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417053553","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129"},"language":null,"primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056582927","display_name":"Yingning Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7876-5722"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Yingning Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5021286792","display_name":"Ruoyu Zeng","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ruoyu Zeng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082619411","display_name":"Yuxiang Duan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7130-8251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yuxiang Duan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059571656","display_name":"Huibin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Huibin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073049345","display_name":"Zile Jiang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-8114-4542"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zile Jiang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102352558","display_name":"Heng Wu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heng Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013841857","display_name":"Gil Bashan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-2708-6971"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gil Bashan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University,Ramat Aviv,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University,Ramat Aviv,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100936965","display_name":"Yue Zuo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0007-2104-3711"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Zuo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102514329","display_name":"Muralekrishnan Ramakrishnan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0009-1892-4838"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muralekrishnan Ramakrishnan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101353362","display_name":"Zixun Zhao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zixun Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111316251","display_name":"Hongkun Lian","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hongkun Lian","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5106941896","display_name":"Abdulrahman Alhaddad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0008-8210-8934"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Abdulrahman Alhaddad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072346870","display_name":"Xinzhou Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhou Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052977808","display_name":"Mo Mojahedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5163-3913"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I185261750","display_name":"University of Toronto","ror":"https://ror.org/03dbr7087","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mo Mojahedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Toronto,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Toronto,ON,Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Toronto,Department of Electrical and Computer Engineering,Toronto,ON,Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I185261750"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019373620","display_name":"Moshe Tur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University,Ramat Aviv,Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University,Ramat Aviv,Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Alan E. Willner","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan E. Willner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California,Dept. of Electr. Eng.,Los Angeles,CA,USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":3,"institutions_distinct_count":16,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5056582927"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.38084571,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9003999829292297,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10490","display_name":"Orbital Angular Momentum in Optics","score":0.02969999983906746,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11192","display_name":"Underwater Vehicles and Communication Systems","score":0.019700000062584877,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater","display_name":"Underwater","score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bessel-beam","display_name":"Bessel beam","score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bessel-function","display_name":"Bessel function","score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/underwater-acoustic-communication","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/on-off-keying","display_name":"On-off keying","score":0.4336000084877014}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.6998000144958496},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98083399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3246517","display_name":"Underwater","level":2,"score":0.6032000184059143},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781389838","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830111","display_name":"Bessel beam","level":3,"score":0.5982999801635742},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107706756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q219637","display_name":"Bessel function","level":2,"score":0.580299973487854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.574400007724762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.570900022983551},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.48240000009536743},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169111936","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q424098","display_name":"Underwater acoustic communication","level":3,"score":0.47380000352859497},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.4410000145435333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C170030856","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1136128","display_name":"On-off keying","level":5,"score":0.4336000084877014},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778315978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944873","display_name":"Gaussian beam","level":3,"score":0.3822000026702881},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.3808000087738037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.3544999957084656},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.3301999866962433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3192000091075897},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C761482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q118093","display_name":"Transmission (telecommunications)","level":2,"score":0.301800012588501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45613198","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134091","display_name":"Optical filter","level":2,"score":0.2996000051498413},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2822999954223633},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187725362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830521","display_name":"Q factor","level":3,"score":0.2782000005245209},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19819980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q947542","display_name":"Beam splitter","level":3,"score":0.2761000096797943},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.27129998803138733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101765175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q577764","display_name":"Communications system","level":2,"score":0.26750001311302185},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2648000121116638},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2984025587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser beams","level":3,"score":0.2599000036716461},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191463272","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2493660","display_name":"Light beam","level":2,"score":0.25619998574256897}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263129","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G31862081","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"N00014-20-1-2558","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","funder_display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320333591","display_name":"Multidisciplinary University Research Initiative","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320337345","display_name":"Office of Naval Research","ror":"https://ror.org/00rk2pe57"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1603129122","https://openalex.org/W2122273579","https://openalex.org/W2124726137","https://openalex.org/W2130204725","https://openalex.org/W2149472588","https://openalex.org/W2336491352","https://openalex.org/W2479650938","https://openalex.org/W2744595220","https://openalex.org/W4392506036","https://openalex.org/W4400583319","https://openalex.org/W4404922503"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"demonstrate":[1],"an":[2],"attenuation-resilient":[3],"1-Gbit/s":[4],"OOK":[5],"underwater":[6],"FSO":[7],"link":[8],"using":[9],"a":[10,21,26,31,47],"longitudinally":[11],"structured":[12],"multi-":[13],"<tex":[14,33,41,48],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[15,34,42,49],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$k_{z}$</tex>":[16],"Bessel":[17],"beam.":[18],"Compared":[19],"to":[20],"Gaussian":[22],"beam,":[23],"it":[24],"shows":[25],"9-dB":[27],"power":[28],"enhancement":[29],"and":[30],"consistent":[32],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$&gt;10":[35],"d":[36],"B":[37],"Q$</tex>":[38],"factor":[39],"through":[40],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.82-m$</tex>":[43],"turbid":[44],"water":[45],"with":[46],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">$0.8-m":[50],"m$</tex>":[51],"receiver":[52],"aperture.":[53]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-09T08:11:56.329763","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}