{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4417053883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056","title":"A New 5-Bit/2D-Symbol Modulation Format for Relative Intensity Noise-Dominated IM-DD Systems","display_name":"A New 5-Bit/2D-Symbol Modulation Format for Relative Intensity Noise-Dominated IM-DD Systems","publication_year":2025,"publication_date":"2025-09-28","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4417053883","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/6f87465f-2c3c-481c-9e6a-e7eac1eadc43","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018635737","display_name":"Felipe Villenas","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Felipe Villenas","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090287393","display_name":"Kaiquan Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2558-0622"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiquan Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036426608","display_name":"Yunus Can G\u00fcltekin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8551-2851"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yunus Can G\u00fcltekin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083924777","display_name":"J. Riani","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0006-1615-6968"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210154351","display_name":"Marvell (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/04wmff902","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210092679","https://openalex.org/I4210154351"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jamal Riani","raw_affiliation_strings":["Marvell Technology Inc.,Santa Clara,CA,USA,95054"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Marvell Technology Inc.,Santa Clara,CA,USA,95054","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210154351"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060148074","display_name":"Alex Alvarado","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2172-3051"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I83019370","display_name":"Eindhoven University of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02c2kyt77","country_code":"NL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}],"countries":["NL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alex Alvarado","raw_affiliation_strings":["Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Eindhoven University of Technology, 5600MB,Eindhoven,The Netherlands","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I83019370"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47476192,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.5881999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.5881999731063843,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10125","display_name":"Advanced Wireless Communication Techniques","score":0.1444000005722046,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11873","display_name":"PAPR reduction in OFDM","score":0.054999999701976776,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity-modulation","display_name":"Intensity modulation","score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modulation","display_name":"Modulation (music)","score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intensity","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-modulation","display_name":"Phase modulation","score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-modulation","display_name":"Frequency modulation","score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analog-transmission","display_name":"Analog transmission","score":0.35409998893737793}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C48925448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6044344","display_name":"Intensity modulation","level":4,"score":0.6205999851226807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C123079801","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750240","display_name":"Modulation (music)","level":2,"score":0.5936999917030334},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C93038891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1061524","display_name":"Intensity (physics)","level":2,"score":0.45190000534057617},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.44670000672340393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.41040000319480896},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.3950999975204468},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96834759","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q750463","display_name":"Phase modulation","level":3,"score":0.375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11930861","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181417","display_name":"Frequency modulation","level":3,"score":0.3653999865055084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C22676131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4751065","display_name":"Analog transmission","level":4,"score":0.35409998893737793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.34619998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204517386","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310795","display_name":"Relative intensity noise","level":4,"score":0.34450000524520874},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.3377000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46035914","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1767289","display_name":"Pulse-position modulation","level":5,"score":0.32019999623298645},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110558960","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q163461","display_name":"Delta modulation","level":5,"score":0.3199000060558319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.3018999993801117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C201905106","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q183755","display_name":"Amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.28679999709129333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.28369998931884766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.2587999999523163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77618280","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1155772","display_name":"Scheme (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.25459998846054077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.2533000111579895}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc66593.2025.11263056","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2025 European Conference on Optical Communications (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/6f87465f-2c3c-481c-9e6a-e7eac1eadc43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/6f87465f-2c3c-481c-9e6a-e7eac1eadc43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Villenas Cortez, F, Wu, K, G\u00fcltekin, Y C, Riani, J & Alvarado, A 2025, A New 5 bit/2D-symbol Modulation Format for Relative Intensity Noise-dominated IM-DD Systems. in 2025 European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC 2025., 11263056, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 51st European Conference on Optical Communications, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC66593.2025.11263056","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.tue.nl:openaire/6f87465f-2c3c-481c-9e6a-e7eac1eadc43","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://research.tue.nl/en/publications/6f87465f-2c3c-481c-9e6a-e7eac1eadc43","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922641","display_name":"TU/e Research Portal","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"other-oa","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/other-oa","version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Villenas Cortez, F, Wu, K, G\u00fcltekin, Y C, Riani, J & Alvarado, A 2025, A New 5 bit/2D-symbol Modulation Format for Relative Intensity Noise-dominated IM-DD Systems. in 2025 European Conference on Optical Communication, ECOC 2025., 11263056, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers, 51st European Conference on Optical Communications, Copenhagen, Denmark, 28/09/25. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECOC66593.2025.11263056","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061056943","https://openalex.org/W2088490502","https://openalex.org/W2105720880","https://openalex.org/W2106016306","https://openalex.org/W2610165876","https://openalex.org/W2912693066","https://openalex.org/W2998015506","https://openalex.org/W3212236383","https://openalex.org/W4386412373","https://openalex.org/W4396891844","https://openalex.org/W4396892919","https://openalex.org/W4410993166"],"related_works":[],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"novel":[3],"5-bit/2D-symbol":[4],"modulation":[5,21],"format":[6],"based":[7],"on":[8],"PAM-6":[9,31],"optimized":[10],"for":[11],"IM-DD":[12],"systems":[13],"dominated":[14],"by":[15,25],"relative":[16],"intensity":[17],"noise.":[18],"The":[19,38],"proposed":[20],"scheme":[22],"improves":[23],"SNR":[24],"0.94":[26],"dB":[27],"compared":[28],"to":[29],"conventional":[30],"and":[32],"achieves":[33],"near-optimal":[34],"BER":[35],"performance.":[36],"\u00a92025":[37],"Author(s)":[39]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-12-05T00:00:00"}