{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215474559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","title":"Robust Topology Optimization for Foundry-Photonics Inverse Design: Examining Compact and Arbitrary Power Splitters","display_name":"Robust Topology Optimization for Foundry-Photonics Inverse Design: Examining Compact and Arbitrary Power Splitters","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215474559","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","mag":"3215474559"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5025386146","display_name":"Alec M. Hammond","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9505-3233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Alec M. Hammond","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5046640604","display_name":"Joel B. Slaby","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0002-1876-8328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joel Slaby","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047017734","display_name":"Gareeyasee Saha","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Gareeyasee Saha","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050640134","display_name":"Stephen E. Ralph","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5425-3845"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I130701444","display_name":"Georgia Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01zkghx44","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stephen E. Ralph","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical & Computer Engineering, Georgia Institute of Technology, Atlanta, GA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5025386146"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I130701444"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2633,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5472183,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11115","display_name":"Topology Optimization in Engineering","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2205","display_name":"Civil and Structural Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10848","display_name":"Advanced Multi-Objective Optimization Algorithms","score":0.9757999777793884,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10666","display_name":"Photonic Crystals and Applications","score":0.9700000286102295,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/splitter","display_name":"Splitter","score":0.7128486633300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/photonics","display_name":"Photonics","score":0.6841001510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inverse","display_name":"Inverse","score":0.5764248371124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wafer","display_name":"Wafer","score":0.5661588311195374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/foundry","display_name":"Foundry","score":0.5649715662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.5569176077842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/silicon-photonics","display_name":"Silicon photonics","score":0.508756697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fabrication","display_name":"Fabrication","score":0.4736819565296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.4661121964454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semiconductor-device-fabrication","display_name":"Semiconductor device fabrication","score":0.4632822871208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.4231579303741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3592658042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.32109546661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.3199740946292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.26267319917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.23920142650604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.19799178838729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.16587486863136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16214242577552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanical-engineering","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","score":0.14331677556037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.134590744972229}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777403171","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7578732","display_name":"Splitter","level":2,"score":0.7128486633300781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20788544","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q467054","display_name":"Photonics","level":2,"score":0.6841001510620117},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207467116","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4385666","display_name":"Inverse","level":2,"score":0.5764248371124268},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C160671074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267131","display_name":"Wafer","level":2,"score":0.5661588311195374},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781087836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q13883136","display_name":"Foundry","level":2,"score":0.5649715662002563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.5569176077842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119423029","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3749103","display_name":"Silicon photonics","level":3,"score":0.508756697177887},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136525101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5428139","display_name":"Fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4736819565296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.4661121964454651},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66018809","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1570432","display_name":"Semiconductor device fabrication","level":3,"score":0.4632822871208191},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.4231579303741455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3592658042907715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.32109546661376953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.3199740946292877},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26267319917678833},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.23920142650604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.19799178838729858},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.16587486863136292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16214242577552795},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.14331677556037903},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.134590744972229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204787440","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188504","display_name":"Alternative medicine","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C142724271","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7208","display_name":"Pathology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606156","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.41999998688697815,"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2026458848","https://openalex.org/W2059447468","https://openalex.org/W2111105451","https://openalex.org/W2220999736","https://openalex.org/W2291404204","https://openalex.org/W2789555118","https://openalex.org/W2914274640","https://openalex.org/W2929378582","https://openalex.org/W2980980200","https://openalex.org/W2995855015","https://openalex.org/W3005792502","https://openalex.org/W3007487974","https://openalex.org/W3103096722","https://openalex.org/W3107910652","https://openalex.org/W4206230711","https://openalex.org/W4240590154","https://openalex.org/W4249088889"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2782683786","https://openalex.org/W1989670675","https://openalex.org/W3034259040","https://openalex.org/W4205523588","https://openalex.org/W2373268526","https://openalex.org/W3214773088","https://openalex.org/W2248509214","https://openalex.org/W1125124218","https://openalex.org/W2992897358","https://openalex.org/W2631724279"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0,16],"present":[1],"a":[2,32],"novel":[3],"framework":[4],"for":[5],"robust":[6],"inverse-design":[7],"of":[8,44],"semiconductor-foundry":[9],"devices":[10],"tolerant":[11],"to":[12],"standard":[13],"fabrication":[14],"variability.":[15],"designed":[17],"and":[18,23],"tested":[19],"compact":[20],"50/50,":[21],"90/10,":[22],"99/1":[24],"power":[25],"splitters":[26],"sampled":[27],"across":[28],"multiple":[29],"wafers":[30],"on":[31],"commercial":[33],"silicon":[34],"photonic":[35],"process,":[36],"demonstrating":[37],"<":[38],"\u00b12%":[39],"deviation":[40],"over":[41],"100":[42],"nm":[43],"bandwidth.":[45]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
