{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215312187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","title":"Experimental Demonstration of a 100-Gbit/s 16-QAM Free-Space Optical Link Using a Structured Optical \"Bottle Beam\" to Circumvent Obstructions","display_name":"Experimental Demonstration of a 100-Gbit/s 16-QAM Free-Space Optical Link Using a Structured Optical \"Bottle Beam\" to Circumvent Obstructions","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215312187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","mag":"3215312187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5059571656","display_name":"Huibin Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5570-0950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Huibin Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112704205","display_name":"Nanzhe Hu","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nanzhe Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5072346870","display_name":"Xinzhou Su","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2520-4475"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinzhou Su","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5090628237","display_name":"Runzhou Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7284-1656"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Runzhou Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101572152","display_name":"Haoqian Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8358-0930"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haoqian Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048504385","display_name":"Hao Song","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4118-6898"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hao Song","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5070276997","display_name":"Kai Pang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2405-7859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kai Pang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055891573","display_name":"Kaiheng Zou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8596-6191"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kaiheng Zou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060910420","display_name":"Amir Minoofar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4629-2673"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Amir Minoofar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5037876302","display_name":"Brittany Lynn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1871-7048"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1339224429","display_name":"Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific","ror":"https://ror.org/01gs1cg95","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I1339224429","https://openalex.org/I2802223155","https://openalex.org/I3130687028"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Brittany Lynn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Naval Information Warfare Center Pacific, San Diego, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1339224429"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019373620","display_name":"Moshe Tur","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6799-8387"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16391192","display_name":"Tel Aviv University","ror":"https://ror.org/04mhzgx49","country_code":"IL","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}],"countries":["IL"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Moshe Tur","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering, Tel Aviv University, Ramat Aviv, Israel","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16391192"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023448163","display_name":"Alan E. Willner","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7339-4376"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1174212","display_name":"University of Southern California","ror":"https://ror.org/03taz7m60","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan E. Willner","raw_affiliation_strings":["Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Univ. of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":12,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5059571656"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1174212"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.2005,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.5223621,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":"42","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10851","display_name":"Optical Wireless Communication Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.676068127155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gigabit","display_name":"Gigabit","score":0.567551851272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/beam","display_name":"Beam (structure)","score":0.5355567336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-modulation-amplitude","display_name":"Optical modulation amplitude","score":0.5302462577819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bottle","display_name":"Bottle","score":0.5216298699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space-optical-communication","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","score":0.5164775848388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/free-space","display_name":"Free space","score":0.5153595805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.47627872228622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-power","display_name":"Optical power","score":0.47592809796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-communication","display_name":"Optical communication","score":0.4298914074897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.41760337352752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.4075355529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.39163973927497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.2897597551345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optical-amplifier","display_name":"Optical amplifier","score":0.23743292689323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.22929900884628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.1629755198955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/laser","display_name":"Laser","score":0.10981738567352295}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.676068127155304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21922175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3105497","display_name":"Gigabit","level":2,"score":0.567551851272583},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C168834538","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3705329","display_name":"Beam (structure)","level":2,"score":0.5355567336082458},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50831002","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7098873","display_name":"Optical modulation amplitude","level":4,"score":0.5302462577819824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32236832","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q80228","display_name":"Bottle","level":2,"score":0.5216298699378967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197000039","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2027432","display_name":"Free-space optical communication","level":3,"score":0.5164775848388672},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2988672794","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11475","display_name":"Free space","level":2,"score":0.5153595805168152},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.47627872228622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191161701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q559265","display_name":"Optical power","level":3,"score":0.47592809796333313},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.4368688464164734},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C129404179","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1469765","display_name":"Optical communication","level":2,"score":0.4298914074897766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.41760337352752686},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4075355529785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.39163973927497864},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.2897597551345825},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C101649071","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359305","display_name":"Optical amplifier","level":3,"score":0.23743292689323425},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.22929900884628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.1629755198955536},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.10981738567352295},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127162648","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16858953","display_name":"Channel (broadcasting)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159985019","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q181790","display_name":"Composite material","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606019","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321788","display_name":"Airbus","ror":"https://ror.org/023qdcg29"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":12,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1190263382","https://openalex.org/W1982892759","https://openalex.org/W2019436216","https://openalex.org/W2039183034","https://openalex.org/W2044585313","https://openalex.org/W2153332281","https://openalex.org/W2306486315","https://openalex.org/W2320575085","https://openalex.org/W2573704510","https://openalex.org/W2786719848","https://openalex.org/W2928252620","https://openalex.org/W2964342498"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2038016357","https://openalex.org/W2374251700","https://openalex.org/W2019126040","https://openalex.org/W1487975641","https://openalex.org/W3118892941","https://openalex.org/W2357610276","https://openalex.org/W2027156464","https://openalex.org/W1513838906","https://openalex.org/W4239652319","https://openalex.org/W2376886624"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"experimentally":[1],"demonstrate":[2],"a":[3,33,40],"100-Gbit/s":[4],"16-QAM":[5],"free-space":[6],"optical":[7,11],"link":[8],"using/tailoring":[9],"an":[10],"bottle":[12],"beam":[13,35],"to":[14,31],"circumvent":[15],"obstructions":[16],"with":[17,39],"different":[18],"sizes":[19],"and":[20],"locations.":[21],"Experimental":[22],"results":[23],"show":[24],"~10-dB":[25],"less":[26],"obstruction-induced":[27],"power":[28],"penalty":[29],"compared":[30],"using":[32],"Gaussian":[34],"for":[36],"the":[37],"obstruction":[38],"diameter":[41],"of":[42],"~4.5":[43],"mm.":[44]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
