{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3215452427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","title":"Squeezing Out the Last Shaping Gain with Optimum Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Short Block Lengths","display_name":"Squeezing Out the Last Shaping Gain with Optimum Enumerative Sphere Shaping for Short Block Lengths","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3215452427","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","mag":"3215452427"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5073028617","display_name":"Yizhao Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6236-3331"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yizhao Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5085098395","display_name":"Junda Chen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6649-2859"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Junda Chen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003554707","display_name":"Weihao Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9447-7023"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Weihao Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100381714","display_name":"Mingming Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0005-1780-5328"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mingming Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100680704","display_name":"Deming Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5591-2929"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Deming Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan,China,430074","Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,School of Cyber Science and Engineering,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100782002","display_name":"Ming Tang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8669-4186"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138186","display_name":"Wuhan National Laboratory for Optoelectronics","ror":"https://ror.org/03c9ncn37","country_code":"CN","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I47720641","display_name":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/00p991c53","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ming Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Huazhong University of Science and Technology,Wuhan National Lab for Optoelectronics (WNLO) & National Engineering Laboratory for Next Generation Internet Access System, School of Optical and Electronic Information,Wuhan,China,430074","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138186","https://openalex.org/I47720641"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12162","display_name":"Cellular Automata and Applications","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11797","display_name":"graph theory and CDMA systems","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","score":0.6659324169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/gaussian","display_name":"Gaussian","score":0.6265740990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.44900378584861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/energy","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","score":0.4424409866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4383103847503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.428549587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/symbol","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","score":0.4208301603794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/combinatorics","display_name":"Combinatorics","score":0.2643648386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.23642566800117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.14415094256401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.08127859234809875}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777210771","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4927124","display_name":"Block (permutation group theory)","level":2,"score":0.6659324169158936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163716315","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q901177","display_name":"Gaussian","level":2,"score":0.6265740990638733},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.44900378584861755},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186370098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q442787","display_name":"Energy (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.4424409866333008},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4383103847503662},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.428549587726593},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134400042","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2372244","display_name":"Symbol (formal)","level":2,"score":0.4208301603794098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.2643648386001587},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.23642566800117493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.14415094256401062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.08127859234809875},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9606004","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":9,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W627952176","https://openalex.org/W1749807555","https://openalex.org/W2098470405","https://openalex.org/W2296257523","https://openalex.org/W2885589241","https://openalex.org/W2905065247","https://openalex.org/W2984693532","https://openalex.org/W3113080674","https://openalex.org/W4240970933"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2051487156","https://openalex.org/W2389793738","https://openalex.org/W2073681303","https://openalex.org/W2376208682","https://openalex.org/W2924107927","https://openalex.org/W4240806619","https://openalex.org/W2368886944","https://openalex.org/W4254609622","https://openalex.org/W2072210675","https://openalex.org/W2467420220"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2,25],"practical":[3],"solution":[4],"of":[5,15],"enumerative":[6],"sphere":[7],"shaping":[8,32],"to":[9],"minimize":[10],"the":[11,16,30],"average":[12],"symbol":[13],"energy":[14],"output":[17],"sequences,":[18],"which":[19],"permits":[20],"lower":[21],"rate":[22],"loss":[23],"and":[24],"Gaussian-like":[26],"distribution,":[27],"squeezing":[28],"out":[29],"last":[31],"gain":[33],"at":[34],"short":[35],"block":[36],"lengths.":[37]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}