{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3217505934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","title":"Zero-Multiplier Sparse DNN Equalization for Fiber-Optic QAM Systems with Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping","display_name":"Zero-Multiplier Sparse DNN Equalization for Fiber-Optic QAM Systems with Probabilistic Amplitude Shaping","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-09-13","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3217505934","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","mag":"3217505934"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5023338067","display_name":"Toshiaki Koike\u2013Akino","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2578-5372"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Toshiaki Koike-Akino","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100423404","display_name":"Ye Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5220-1830"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ye Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009640703","display_name":"Keisuke Kojima","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5297-7900"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Keisuke Kojima","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024747748","display_name":"Kieran Parsons","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4957-8140"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210159266","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/053jnhe44","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125","https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kieran Parsons","raw_affiliation_strings":["Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Mitsubishi Electric Research Laboratories (MERL), Cambridge, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210159266"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101621529","display_name":"Tsuyoshi Yoshida","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0290-0251"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210133125","display_name":"Mitsubishi Electric (Japan)","ror":"https://ror.org/033y26782","country_code":"JP","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1306287861","https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Tsuyoshi Yoshida","raw_affiliation_strings":["Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Information Technology R&D Center, Mitsubishi Electric Corporation, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210133125"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.2204,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":14,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.79328882,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10205","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Optic Sensors","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multiplier","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","score":0.6573384404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5724004507064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantization","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","score":0.557454526424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/qam","display_name":"QAM","score":0.5147933959960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5044726133346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.45344290137290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","score":0.44991159439086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-distortion","display_name":"Nonlinear distortion","score":0.41794830560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3660520315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.2496422827243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bandwidth","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","score":0.21188461780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.21140903234481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.20934554934501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13793626427650452}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C124584101","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1053266","display_name":"Multiplier (economics)","level":2,"score":0.6573384404182434},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5724004507064819},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28855332","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q198099","display_name":"Quantization (signal processing)","level":2,"score":0.557454526424408},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59030546","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7265371","display_name":"QAM","level":5,"score":0.5147933959960938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5044726133346558},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.45344290137290955},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32409245","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q749753","display_name":"Quadrature amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.44991159439086914},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173413354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049470","display_name":"Nonlinear distortion","level":4,"score":0.41794830560684204},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3660520315170288},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.2496422827243805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776257435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1576430","display_name":"Bandwidth (computing)","level":2,"score":0.21188461780548096},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.21140903234481812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.20934554934501648},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13793626427650452},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139719470","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39680","display_name":"Macroeconomics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc52684.2021.9605870","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.4699999988079071,"display_name":"Decent work and economic growth","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/8"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":22,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2591618360","https://openalex.org/W2790527734","https://openalex.org/W2791916709","https://openalex.org/W2797033345","https://openalex.org/W2798310103","https://openalex.org/W2805003733","https://openalex.org/W2900998378","https://openalex.org/W2901371939","https://openalex.org/W2953292182","https://openalex.org/W2964300669","https://openalex.org/W2964303602","https://openalex.org/W2970277060","https://openalex.org/W2995197005","https://openalex.org/W3003175769","https://openalex.org/W3007570230","https://openalex.org/W3132061450","https://openalex.org/W4288345950","https://openalex.org/W6751979845","https://openalex.org/W6761601108","https://openalex.org/W6763123530","https://openalex.org/W6771400683","https://openalex.org/W6773270737"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4390873927","https://openalex.org/W2159438609","https://openalex.org/W2900995485","https://openalex.org/W2147334234","https://openalex.org/W3196902411","https://openalex.org/W2139936226","https://openalex.org/W3026565890","https://openalex.org/W2064534496","https://openalex.org/W1970526599","https://openalex.org/W2161389097"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"propose":[1],"a":[2],"multiplier-less":[3],"deep":[4],"neural":[5],"network":[6],"(DNN)":[7],"to":[8],"mitigate":[9],"fiber-nonlinear":[10],"distortion":[11],"of":[12],"shaped":[13],"constellations.":[14],"Our":[15],"DNN":[16],"achieves":[17],"an":[18],"excellent":[19],"performance-complexity":[20],"trade-off":[21],"with":[22],"progressive":[23],"lottery":[24],"ticket":[25],"hypothesis":[26],"(LHT)":[27],"weight":[28],"pruning":[29],"and":[30],"additive":[31],"powers-of-two":[32],"(APoT)":[33],"quantization.":[34]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}