{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2798820215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","title":"Multilevel Amplitude Regeneration of PAM-4 Signals using a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror","display_name":"Multilevel Amplitude Regeneration of PAM-4 Signals using a Nonlinear Optical Loop Mirror","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2798820215","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","mag":"2798820215"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/32129/1/Multilevel_Amplitude_Regeneration_of_PAM_4_Signals_using_a_Nonlinear_Optical_Loop_Mirror.pdf","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044579655","display_name":"Feng Wen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6751-4899"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["CN","GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Feng Wen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5112372326","display_name":"C. P. Tsekrekos","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christos P. Tsekrekos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079838853","display_name":"Xingyu Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0876-4289"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xingyu Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010705531","display_name":"Yong Geng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5299-1596"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yong Geng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013612639","display_name":"Baojian Wu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8804-6147"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Baojian Wu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040278378","display_name":"Kun Qiu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4121-3665"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I150229711","display_name":"University of Electronic Science and Technology of China","ror":"https://ror.org/04qr3zq92","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kun Qiu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Key Lab of Optical Fiber Sensing and Communication Networks, Ministry of Education, University of Electronic Science and Technology of China, Chengdu, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I150229711"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084823616","display_name":"Sergei K. Turitsyn","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0101-3834"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sergei K. Turitsyn","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013159290","display_name":"Stylianos Sygletos","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2063-8733"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","display_name":"Aston University","ror":"https://ror.org/05j0ve876","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stylianos Sygletos","raw_affiliation_strings":["Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, Birmingham, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"100","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"3"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10232","display_name":"Optical Network Technologies","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10988","display_name":"Advanced Fiber Laser Technologies","score":0.9984999895095825,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.7947336435317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distortion","display_name":"Distortion (music)","score":0.6389732360839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","score":0.5938214063644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.5561135411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-distortion","display_name":"Nonlinear distortion","score":0.528560996055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.5216410756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nonlinear-system","display_name":"Nonlinear system","score":0.5212526917457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/signal-to-noise-ratio","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","score":0.4817659854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/regeneration","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","score":0.457370787858963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.379161536693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3391634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.1918390691280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.1427450180053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.12731918692588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-mechanics","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","score":0.07452583312988281}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.7947336435317993},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126780896","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q899871","display_name":"Distortion (music)","level":4,"score":0.6389732360839844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779843651","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7390335","display_name":"SIGNAL (programming language)","level":2,"score":0.5938214063644409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.5561135411262512},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173413354","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7049470","display_name":"Nonlinear distortion","level":4,"score":0.528560996055603},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.5216410756111145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158622935","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660848","display_name":"Nonlinear system","level":2,"score":0.5212526917457581},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13944312","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7512748","display_name":"Signal-to-noise ratio (imaging)","level":2,"score":0.4817659854888916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171056886","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193119","display_name":"Regeneration (biology)","level":2,"score":0.457370787858963},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.379161536693573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3391634225845337},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.1918390691280365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.1427450180053711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.12731918692588806},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.07452583312988281},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95444343","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7141","display_name":"Cell biology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecoc.2017.8345940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 European Conference on Optical Communication (ECOC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:32129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/2ad85b1886a874623360d9ab60e91c34.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/32129/1/Multilevel_Amplitude_Regeneration_of_PAM_4_Signals_using_a_Nonlinear_Optical_Loop_Mirror.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Section"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:publications.aston.ac.uk:32129","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/view/author/2ad85b1886a874623360d9ab60e91c34.html>,","pdf_url":"https://publications.aston.ac.uk/id/eprint/32129/1/Multilevel_Amplitude_Regeneration_of_PAM_4_Signals_using_a_Nonlinear_Optical_Loop_Mirror.pdf","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400483","display_name":"Aston Publications Explorer (Aston University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I169199633","host_organization_name":"Aston University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I169199633"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Book Section"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.5899999737739563}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G1708046955","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"61505021","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3230315893","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/J017582/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G3378881748","display_name":"\u9ad8\u9636\u8c03\u5236\u4fe1\u53f7\u7684\u591a\u6ce2\u957f2R\u518d\u751f\u6280\u672f\u7814\u7a76","funder_award_id":"61671108","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4677775697","display_name":"UNLOC","funder_award_id":"EP/J017582/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5086304677","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B14039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","funder_display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6674692114","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"B14039","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G8957540199","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"IRT1218","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","funder_display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320321001","display_name":"National Natural Science Foundation of China","ror":"https://ror.org/01h0zpd94"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320327912","display_name":"Higher Education Discipline Innovation Project","ror":null},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798820215.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2798820215.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2031058903","https://openalex.org/W2075977041","https://openalex.org/W2087635562","https://openalex.org/W2091180806","https://openalex.org/W2110740016","https://openalex.org/W2460982902"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2359780122","https://openalex.org/W2298863895","https://openalex.org/W2001689509","https://openalex.org/W2391717006","https://openalex.org/W1492601442","https://openalex.org/W2187246476","https://openalex.org/W2358330745","https://openalex.org/W1599289444","https://openalex.org/W2134879695","https://openalex.org/W1990557962"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Multilevel":[0],"amplitude":[1,21],"regeneration":[2],"of":[3,32],"return-to-zero":[4],"PAM-4":[5],"signals":[6],"is":[7,23,34],"experimentally":[8],"demonstrated":[9],"using":[10],"a":[11],"single":[12],"NOLM":[13],"unit.":[14],"The":[15],"noise":[16],"suppression":[17],"capability":[18],"at":[19],"each":[20],"level":[22],"characterized,":[24],"and":[25,41],"Q":[26],"<sup":[27],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[28],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[29],"-factor":[30],"improvement":[31],"0.92dB":[33],"achieved":[35],"by":[36],"optimizing":[37],"input":[38],"signal":[39],"power":[40],"distortion":[42],"strength.":[43]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
