{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4387090112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288","title":"White-Box and Black-Box Adversarial Attacks to Obstacle Avoidance in Mobile Robots","display_name":"White-Box and Black-Box Adversarial Attacks to Obstacle Avoidance in Mobile Robots","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-09-04","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4387090112","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074968710","display_name":"I\u00f1aki Ra\u00f1\u00f3","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0461-0258"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200284239","display_name":"Universidade de Santiago de Compostela","ror":"https://ror.org/030eybx10","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"I\u00f1aki Ra\u00f1\u00f3","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Santiago de Compostela,Electronics and Computing Dept.,Spain","Electronics and Computing Dept., University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Santiago de Compostela,Electronics and Computing Dept.,Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Electronics and Computing Dept., University of Santiago de Compostela, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079247576","display_name":"Anders Lyhne Christensen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9994-2908"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark","ror":"https://ror.org/03yrrjy16","country_code":"DK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}],"countries":["DK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Anders Lyhne Christensen","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Southern Denmark,SDU Biorobotics Unit,Denmark","SDU Biorobotics Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Southern Denmark,SDU Biorobotics Unit,Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"SDU Biorobotics Unit, University of Southern Denmark, Denmark","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074968710"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200284239"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.12095067,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11512","display_name":"Anomaly Detection Techniques and Applications","score":0.9829999804496765,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.7100492119789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reinforcement-learning","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","score":0.6495601534843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6492364406585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/adversarial-system","display_name":"Adversarial system","score":0.6481205821037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.6469260454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle-avoidance","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","score":0.646903395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5950688719749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/black-box","display_name":"Black box","score":0.5944781303405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mobile-robot","display_name":"Mobile robot","score":0.584378182888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-deployment","display_name":"Software deployment","score":0.5775989294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/obstacle","display_name":"Obstacle","score":0.524882972240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-box","display_name":"White box","score":0.4966781735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/behavior-based-robotics","display_name":"Behavior-based robotics","score":0.4281645119190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.41898220777511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.2230919599533081}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.7100492119789124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97541855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q830687","display_name":"Reinforcement learning","level":2,"score":0.6495601534843445},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6492364406585693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C37736160","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1801315","display_name":"Adversarial system","level":2,"score":0.6481205821037292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.6469260454177856},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C6683253","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7075535","display_name":"Obstacle avoidance","level":4,"score":0.646903395652771},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5950688719749451},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94966114","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q29256","display_name":"Black box","level":2,"score":0.5944781303405762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19966478","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4810574","display_name":"Mobile robot","level":3,"score":0.584378182888031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105339364","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2297740","display_name":"Software deployment","level":2,"score":0.5775989294052124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776650193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q264661","display_name":"Obstacle","level":2,"score":0.524882972240448},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180932941","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q997233","display_name":"White box","level":2,"score":0.4966781735420227},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19766214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4880688","display_name":"Behavior-based robotics","level":4,"score":0.4281645119190216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.41898220777511597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.2230919599533081},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/ecmr59166.2023.10256288","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:sdu.dk:publications/c93e68a3-330d-46d4-ae40-f53776c6e270","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://portal.findresearcher.sdu.dk/da/publications/c93e68a3-330d-46d4-ae40-f53776c6e270","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400423","display_name":"University of Southern Denmark Research Portal (University of Southern Denmark)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177969490","host_organization_name":"University of Southern Denmark","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177969490"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Rano, I & Christensen, A L 2023, White-Box and Black-Box Adversarial Attacks to Obstacle Avoidance in Mobile Robots. in L Marques & I Markovic (eds), 2023 European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR). IEEE, European Conference on Mobile Robots (ECMR), 11th European Conference on Mobile Robots, ECMR 2023, Coimbra, Portugal, 04/09/2023. https://doi.org/10.1109/ECMR59166.2023.10256288","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/publishedVersion"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.6899999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G2016112613","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"AEI /PID2020-119367RB-I00","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","funder_display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G6841330763","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"ED431C 2022/19","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325108","funder_display_name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320325108","display_name":"Conseller\u00eda de Cultura, Educaci\u00f3n e Ordenaci\u00f3n Universitaria, Xunta de Galicia","ror":"https://ror.org/03gq5rs15"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320335598","display_name":"Agencia Estatal de Investigaci\u00f3n","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":19,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1485858078","https://openalex.org/W1574514837","https://openalex.org/W2104332709","https://openalex.org/W2113286054","https://openalex.org/W2117211893","https://openalex.org/W2125409550","https://openalex.org/W2165852544","https://openalex.org/W2171331791","https://openalex.org/W2736601468","https://openalex.org/W2904393593","https://openalex.org/W2921043257","https://openalex.org/W2962700793","https://openalex.org/W2979544394","https://openalex.org/W2996343955","https://openalex.org/W2997532515","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W6741002519","https://openalex.org/W6760517121","https://openalex.org/W6762427411"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2047881532","https://openalex.org/W1984273188","https://openalex.org/W2727407240","https://openalex.org/W154189287","https://openalex.org/W3033197410","https://openalex.org/W3009622996","https://openalex.org/W2777690624","https://openalex.org/W2601181618","https://openalex.org/W4410807641","https://openalex.org/W1855700431"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Advances":[0],"in":[1,9],"artificial":[2],"intelligence":[3],"(AI)":[4],"play":[5],"a":[6,46,80,89,108,113],"major":[7],"role":[8],"the":[10,85,94,100,103,120,124,128,132,135,141,150,169,179],"adoption":[11],"of":[12,19,88,115,140,181],"robots":[13],"for":[14,119,149],"an":[15,77],"increasingly":[16],"broader":[17],"range":[18],"tasks.":[20],"However,":[21],"as":[22,30,107],"recent":[23],"research":[24],"has":[25,137],"shown,":[26],"AI":[27],"systems,":[28],"such":[29],"deep-learning":[31],"models,":[32],"can":[33,49],"be":[34],"vulnerable":[35],"to":[36,45,61,122,164,177],"adversarial":[37,63],"attacks":[38,64,72,167],"where":[39,76],"small":[40],"but":[41],"carefully":[42],"crafted":[43],"changes":[44],"model's":[47],"input":[48],"severely":[50],"compromise":[51],"its":[52],"performance.":[53],"In":[54,93,127],"this":[55],"paper,":[56],"we":[57,98],"present":[58],"two":[59],"methods":[60,161],"find":[62,158,165],"against":[65,73,168],"autonomous":[66,182],"robots.":[67],"We":[68,157],"focus":[69],"on":[70],"external":[71],"obstacle-avoidance":[74],"behaviour":[75],"attacker":[78,106,121,136,151],"\u2014":[79,82],"robot":[81,171,183],"actively":[83],"perturbs":[84],"sensor":[86],"readings":[87],"goal-seeking":[90],"victim":[91,104,170],"robot.":[92],"first":[95],"(white-box)":[96],"method,":[97,131],"model":[99],"interaction":[101],"between":[102],"and":[105,111,146,172],"dynamical":[109],"system":[110],"generate":[112],"series":[114],"open-loop":[116],"control":[117,148],"signals":[118],"alter":[123],"victim's":[125],"behaviour.":[126,184],"second":[129],"(black-box)":[130],"assumption":[133],"that":[134,159],"full":[138],"knowledge":[139],"system's":[142],"dynamics":[143],"is":[144,152],"relaxed,":[145],"closed-loop":[147],"learnt":[153],"through":[154],"reinforcement":[155],"learning.":[156],"both":[160],"are":[162],"able":[163],"successful":[166],"thus":[173],"constitute":[174],"viable":[175],"techniques":[176],"assess":[178],"robustness":[180]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2025-12-21T23:12:01.093139","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}