{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2770234605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","title":"Design of a low-power quadrature LC-VCO in 65 nm CMOS","display_name":"Design of a low-power quadrature LC-VCO in 65 nm CMOS","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2770234605","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","mag":"2770234605"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087490497","display_name":"Carlos S\u00e1nchez\u2010Azqueta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8236-825X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"C. Sanchez-Azqueta","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102850276","display_name":"J. Aguirre","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8843-7148"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Aguirre","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5005128068","display_name":"Guillermo Royo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2796-7022"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"G. Royo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5026732812","display_name":"Francisco Aznar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3629-0540"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210100615","display_name":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa en San Javier","ror":"https://ror.org/00nqz4988","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210100615"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Aznar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Centro Universitario de la Defensa, Zaragoza, Zaragoza, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210100615"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114500239","display_name":"E. Guerrero","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1987-6534"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E. Guerrero","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075718351","display_name":"S. Celma","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0182-7723"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I255234318","display_name":"Universidad de Zaragoza","ror":"https://ror.org/012a91z28","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"S. Celma","raw_affiliation_strings":["Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Group of Electronic Design (GDE), Universidad de Zaragoza","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I255234318"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1462,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.53768479,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10767","display_name":"Advanced Photonic Communication Systems","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10299","display_name":"Photonic and Optical Devices","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dbc","display_name":"dBc","score":0.7876929044723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.7771081328392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.7705104351043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/oscillation","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","score":0.5653563737869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/lc-circuit","display_name":"LC circuit","score":0.5458692312240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5286840796470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.49741819500923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4729349911212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quadrature","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","score":0.4614592492580414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.39682692289352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2819995880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.26841506361961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.20163893699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.19587230682373047}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193523891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1771950","display_name":"dBc","level":3,"score":0.7876929044723511},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.7771081328392029},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.7705104351043701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778439541","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7106412","display_name":"Oscillation (cell signaling)","level":2,"score":0.5653563737869263},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34627536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q732473","display_name":"LC circuit","level":4,"score":0.5458692312240601},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5286840796470642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.49741819500923157},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4729349911212921},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62869609","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q28137","display_name":"Quadrature (astronomy)","level":2,"score":0.4614592492580414},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.39682692289352417},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2819995880126953},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.26841506361961365},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.20163893699645996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.19587230682373047},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2017.8093330","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8500000238418579}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055978681","https://openalex.org/W2057744251","https://openalex.org/W2080959650","https://openalex.org/W2086452019","https://openalex.org/W2113071232","https://openalex.org/W2115627423","https://openalex.org/W2120388501","https://openalex.org/W2162208125","https://openalex.org/W2168819171","https://openalex.org/W2470112846","https://openalex.org/W6676860956"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2141726610","https://openalex.org/W2061664740","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2134439706","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W4236967454","https://openalex.org/W4242529045","https://openalex.org/W2112742062","https://openalex.org/W2017334866"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"presents":[2],"the":[3,21,24,47,54,61,65,87,113,116,125,134,140],"design":[4],"of":[5,23,86,106,120,151],"a":[6,37,76,93,102,149],"low-power":[7],"quadrature":[8,142],"oscillator":[9,143],"for":[10,46,123,138],"frequency":[11,15,119],"synthesis":[12],"in":[13,36,50,75],"intermediate":[14],"over":[16],"fiber":[17],"(IFoF)":[18],"applications":[19],"at":[20,82,109,115],"lower-end":[22],"5G":[25],"WiFi":[26],"band.":[27],"It":[28,91],"is":[29,128],"formed":[30],"by":[31,56],"two":[32,66],"class-B":[33],"LC-VCOs":[34],"connected":[35],"cross-coupled":[38],"configuration.":[39],"A":[40],"cascaded":[41],"architecture":[42],"has":[43,72],"been":[44,73],"used":[45],"coupling":[48,63],"stages":[49],"order":[51],"to":[52,98,130],"stabilize":[53],"oscillation":[55,59,126],"minimizing":[57],"bimodal":[58],"and":[60,101],"back":[62],"between":[64],"coupled":[67],"LC-VCO":[68],"stages.":[69],"The":[70],"prototype":[71],"designed":[74],"standard":[77],"65":[78],"nm":[79],"process":[80],"fed":[81],"0.9":[83],"V":[84],"instead":[85],"nominal":[88],"1.2":[89],"V.":[90],"achieves":[92],"tuning":[94],"range":[95],"from":[96,112],"4.9GHz":[97],"5.75":[99,121],"GHz,":[100,122],"phase":[103],"noise":[104],"figure":[105],"-110.5":[107],"dBc/Hz":[108],"1":[110],"MHz":[111],"carrier":[114],"maximum":[117],"oscillating":[118],"which":[124,147],"amplitude":[127],"close":[129],"300":[131],"mV.":[132],"Excluding":[133],"output":[135],"buffer":[136],"implemented":[137],"testing,":[139],"proposed":[141],"consumes":[144],"only":[145],"1.8mW,":[146],"yields":[148],"FoM":[150],"182.7dB.":[152]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}