{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043554913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","title":"A low noise single-end to differential switched-capacitor VGA for PZT-Xducer ultrasound imaging","display_name":"A low noise single-end to differential switched-capacitor VGA for PZT-Xducer ultrasound imaging","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043554913","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","mag":"2043554913"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100651198","display_name":"Peng Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1635-5255"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Peng Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055804223","display_name":"Trond Ytterdal","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2109-833X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204778367","display_name":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/05xg72x27","country_code":"NO","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}],"countries":["NO"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Trond Ytterdal","raw_affiliation_strings":["Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim, Norway","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Norwegian University of Science and Technology (NTNU), Trondheim (Norway)","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5039409016","display_name":"T. Halvorsrod","orcid":null},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Thomas Halvorsrod","raw_affiliation_strings":["GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"GE Vingmed Ultrasound AS, Horten, Norway","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100651198"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204778367"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9992,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":5,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76030161,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10323","display_name":"Analog and Mixed-Signal Circuit Design","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10369","display_name":"Advanced MEMS and NEMS Technologies","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10727","display_name":"Ultrasound Imaging and Elastography","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2741","display_name":"Radiology, Nuclear Medicine and Imaging"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/27","display_name":"Medicine"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/4","display_name":"Health Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/video-graphics-array","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","score":0.8104308843612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-gain-amplifier","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","score":0.6829913854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.5535783171653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switched-capacitor","display_name":"Switched capacitor","score":0.5246061086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.49476689100265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linearity","display_name":"Linearity","score":0.48434317111968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplifier","display_name":"Amplifier","score":0.434036523103714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.4262278378009796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitance","display_name":"Capacitance","score":0.4260149300098419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/automatic-gain-control","display_name":"Automatic gain control","score":0.42409470677375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/noise","display_name":"Noise (video)","score":0.4128355085849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.34249210357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.32558339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.31999731063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3022032380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operational-amplifier","display_name":"Operational amplifier","score":0.2711992859840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2598421573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrode","display_name":"Electrode","score":0.07777687907218933}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C139983466","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17194","display_name":"Video Graphics Array","level":3,"score":0.8104308843612671},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C91541141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1894933","display_name":"Variable-gain amplifier","level":5,"score":0.6829913854598999},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.5535783171653748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103357873","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q572656","display_name":"Switched capacitor","level":4,"score":0.5246061086654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.49476689100265503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77170095","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1753188","display_name":"Linearity","level":2,"score":0.48434317111968994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C194257627","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q211554","display_name":"Amplifier","level":3,"score":0.434036523103714},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.4262278378009796},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C30066665","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q164399","display_name":"Capacitance","level":3,"score":0.4260149300098419},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177502760","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q782524","display_name":"Automatic gain control","level":4,"score":0.42409470677375793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C99498987","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2210247","display_name":"Noise (video)","level":3,"score":0.4128355085849762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.34249210357666016},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.32558339834213257},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.31999731063842773},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3022032380104065},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C145366948","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q178947","display_name":"Operational amplifier","level":4,"score":0.2711992859840393},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2598421573638916},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17525397","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176140","display_name":"Electrode","level":2,"score":0.07777687907218933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2013.6662289","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8700000047683716}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":18,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W610545203","https://openalex.org/W1493180381","https://openalex.org/W1972164714","https://openalex.org/W1988229577","https://openalex.org/W2096682159","https://openalex.org/W2100859981","https://openalex.org/W2101491661","https://openalex.org/W2101819427","https://openalex.org/W2110634574","https://openalex.org/W2134404631","https://openalex.org/W2139546182","https://openalex.org/W2163167320","https://openalex.org/W2165381281","https://openalex.org/W2166307883","https://openalex.org/W4233032794","https://openalex.org/W6629352528","https://openalex.org/W6647160684","https://openalex.org/W6680772886"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1585165462","https://openalex.org/W2068787209","https://openalex.org/W2113510630","https://openalex.org/W2979099941","https://openalex.org/W2543390324","https://openalex.org/W2024277841","https://openalex.org/W1875776856","https://openalex.org/W2158556322","https://openalex.org/W2379301173","https://openalex.org/W2039673788"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"low":[1],"noise":[2,205],"single-ended":[3,112],"to":[4,46,86,105,114,127,149],"differential":[5,115],"linear":[6],"two-stage":[7,76,186],"switched":[8],"capacitor":[9,143],"variable":[10],"gain":[11,101,122,136,214],"amplifier":[12],"(SC-VGA)":[13],"is":[14,44,165,207,229],"designed":[15],"in":[16,71,83],"a":[17,80,118,134,157,175,216],"0.18\u03bcm":[18],"CMOS":[19],"technology":[20],"for":[21,51,156],"4MHz":[22,210],"center":[23],"frequency":[24,218],"(f":[25,219],"<sub":[26,220],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[27,221],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">c</sub>":[28],")":[29,223],"ultrasound":[30,72],"imaging.":[31],"To":[32],"simplify":[33],"the":[34,40,48,54,88,93,98,111,130,153,163,168,181,202,212],"clock":[35],"generator":[36],"and":[37,90,129,171,201,215],"improve":[38],"linearity,":[39],"voltage":[41],"sampling":[42,50,217],"technique":[43],"adopted":[45],"replace":[47],"charge":[49],"sake":[52],"of":[53,57,185,224],"source":[55],"impedance":[56],"piezo-electric":[58],"transducers":[59,69],"(PZT)":[60],"not":[61],"being":[62],"as":[63,65],"high":[64],"capacitive":[66],"micro-machined":[67],"ultrasonic":[68],"(CMUT)":[70],"imaging":[73],"systems.":[74],"The":[75,107,226],"VGA":[77,187],"based":[78],"on":[79],"single-stage":[81],"OTA":[82],"each":[84],"stage":[85,109,132],"save":[87],"power,":[89],"controlled":[91],"by":[92,174],"10-bit":[94],"digital":[95],"signals,":[96],"has":[97,133,192],"maximum":[99,213],"dB-in-linear":[100],"varied":[102],"from":[103,125,147],"-14dB":[104,148],"32dB.":[106],"first":[108],"converts":[110],"input":[113,203],"outputs":[116],"with":[117],"2-bit":[119],"6dB/step":[120],"coarse":[121],"control":[123,137],"varying":[124,146],"0dB":[126],"18dB,":[128],"second":[131],"fine":[135],"which":[138],"exploits":[139],"an":[140],"8b":[141,159],"binary":[142],"(CAP)":[144],"array":[145,164],"14dB.":[150],"For":[151],"reducing":[152],"capacitance":[154],"spread":[155],"binary-weighted":[158],"(1:256)":[160],"CAP":[161],"array,":[162],"divided":[166],"between":[167],"upper":[169],"4b":[170,173],"lower":[172],"divider":[176],"capacitor.":[177],"Simulation":[178],"results":[179],"show":[180],"core":[182],"analog":[183],"part":[184],"consumes":[188],"900\u03bcA":[189],"at":[190,197,209,211],"1.8V,":[191],"HD2":[193],"-61dB,":[194],"HD3":[195],"-77dB":[196],"190mV":[198],"output":[199],"Vpp,":[200],"referred":[204],"(IRN)":[206],"\u221a":[208],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">s</sub>":[222],"30MHz.":[225],"layout":[227],"size":[228],"387\u03bcm\u00d7502\u03bcm.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}