{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2122749187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","title":"A 2.25mW inductor-less 24 GHz CML frequency divider in 90nm CMOS","display_name":"A 2.25mW inductor-less 24 GHz CML frequency divider in 90nm CMOS","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2122749187","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","mag":"2122749187"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 20th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032798214","display_name":"Andreas Axholt","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Andreas Axholt","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electrical and information technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, 22100 Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electrical and information technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, 22100 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060290928","display_name":"Henrik Sj\u00f6land","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6836-0641"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I187531555","display_name":"Lund University","ror":"https://ror.org/012a77v79","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Henrik Sjoland","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of electrical and information technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, 22100 Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of electrical and information technology, Lund University, Lund, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Electrical and Information Technology, Lund University, 22100 Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5032798214"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I187531555"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.265,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":11,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.63280513,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"77","last_page":"80"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11417","display_name":"Advancements in PLL and VCO Technologies","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11429","display_name":"Semiconductor Lasers and Optical Devices","score":0.9990000128746033,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cmos","display_name":"CMOS","score":0.7452613115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/frequency-divider","display_name":"Frequency divider","score":0.6652073264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/inductor","display_name":"Inductor","score":0.6357223987579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.6105865836143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage-controlled-oscillator","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","score":0.5932466387748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/phase-noise","display_name":"Phase noise","score":0.5881304740905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5816916227340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wideband","display_name":"Wideband","score":0.5485674738883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chip","display_name":"Chip","score":0.429731547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitive-coupling","display_name":"Capacitive coupling","score":0.4134383201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.38866472244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electronic-engineering","display_name":"Electronic engineering","score":0.32930538058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.28365349769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.12810921669006348}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C46362747","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173431","display_name":"CMOS","level":2,"score":0.7452613115310669},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74982907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1455624","display_name":"Frequency divider","level":3,"score":0.6652073264122009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144534570","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5325","display_name":"Inductor","level":3,"score":0.6357223987579346},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.6105865836143494},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5291336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q852341","display_name":"Voltage-controlled oscillator","level":3,"score":0.5932466387748718},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89631360","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1428766","display_name":"Phase noise","level":2,"score":0.5881304740905762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5816916227340698},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780202535","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4524457","display_name":"Wideband","level":2,"score":0.5485674738883972},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165005293","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1074500","display_name":"Chip","level":2,"score":0.429731547832489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68278764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q444167","display_name":"Capacitive coupling","level":3,"score":0.4134383201599121},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.38866472244262695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C24326235","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q126095","display_name":"Electronic engineering","level":1,"score":0.32930538058280945},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.28365349769592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.12810921669006348}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/ecctd.2011.6043613","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 20th European Conference on Circuit Theory and Design (ECCTD)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320322327","display_name":"Knut och Alice Wallenbergs Stiftelse","ror":"https://ror.org/004hzzk67"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1515145114","https://openalex.org/W2104378262","https://openalex.org/W2131326235","https://openalex.org/W2142276167","https://openalex.org/W2142885483","https://openalex.org/W2170851300","https://openalex.org/W2582963859","https://openalex.org/W6630752517"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3129408886","https://openalex.org/W4233090067","https://openalex.org/W2365946217","https://openalex.org/W1964543336","https://openalex.org/W2368638770","https://openalex.org/W2365449259","https://openalex.org/W2057338677","https://openalex.org/W2105518569","https://openalex.org/W2285615337","https://openalex.org/W2539579532"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"wideband":[1],"low":[2],"power":[3],"CML":[4],"frequency":[5,37],"divider":[6,60],"suitable":[7],"for":[8,83],"the":[9],"Ku":[10],"band":[11],"has":[12],"been":[13],"designed":[14],"and":[15,25],"fabricated":[16],"in":[17,51],"a":[18,46,52],"90nm":[19],"CMOS":[20],"technology.":[21],"Simulated":[22],"phase":[23],"noise":[24],"sensitivity":[26],"curves":[27],"are":[28],"validated":[29],"through":[30],"on-wafer":[31],"probe":[32],"measurements.":[33],"The":[34,59],"maximum":[35],"operating":[36],"is":[38],"24":[39,78],"GHz":[40,79],"while":[41],"dissipating":[42],"2.25":[43],"mW":[44],"from":[45],"1.5":[47],"V":[48],"supply,":[49],"resulting":[50],"power-delay":[53],"product":[54],"of":[55],"just":[56],"11.7":[57],"fJ.":[58],"measures":[61],"34":[62],"\u03bcm":[63],"\u00d7":[64],"42":[65],"\u03bcm,":[66],"including":[67],"AC":[68],"coupling":[69],"capacitors.":[70],"It":[71],"was":[72],"measured":[73],"using":[74],"an":[75],"on":[76],"chip":[77],"differential":[80],"LC":[81],"VCO":[82],"input":[84],"signal":[85],"generation.":[86]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}