{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2185981897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","title":"To white space or not to White Space: That is the trial within the Ofcom TV White Spaces pilot","display_name":"To white space or not to White Space: That is the trial within the Ofcom TV White Spaces pilot","publication_year":2015,"publication_date":"2015-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2185981897","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","mag":"2185981897"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009027912","display_name":"Oliver Holland","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7280-3302"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Oliver Holland","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068113173","display_name":"Shuyu Ping","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shuyu Ping","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028375790","display_name":"Adnan Aijaz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1048-0469"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","display_name":"King's College London","ror":"https://ror.org/0220mzb33","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Aijaz","raw_affiliation_strings":["King's College London London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"King's College London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067360205","display_name":"Jean-Marc Chareau","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jean-Marc Chareau","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081435104","display_name":"Pravir Chawdhry","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2567-8817"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210118689","display_name":"Joint Research Centre","ror":"https://ror.org/02qezmz13","country_code":"IT","type":"government","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1320481043","https://openalex.org/I2800387288","https://openalex.org/I4210118689","https://openalex.org/I4210161702"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pravir Chawdhry","raw_affiliation_strings":["Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Joint Research Centre of the European Commission Ispra, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210118689"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075109962","display_name":"Yue Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6502-9910"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yue Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5044671638","display_name":"Zhijin Qin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8507-3975"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I166337079","display_name":"Queen Mary University of London","ror":"https://ror.org/026zzn846","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I124357947","https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zhijin Qin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Queen Mary University of London London, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Queen Mary University of London London, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I166337079"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5008800996","display_name":"Heikki Kokkinen","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7201-0916"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Heikki Kokkinen","raw_affiliation_strings":["Fairspectrum Oy Helsinki, Finland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Fairspectrum Oy Helsinki, Finland","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009027912"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":19.0738,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":65,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.9936194,"is_in_top_1_percent":true,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":97,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"11","last_page":"22"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13905","display_name":"Telecommunications and Broadcasting Technologies","score":0.9846000075340271,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2214","display_name":"Media Technology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13321","display_name":"Radio, Podcasts, and Digital Media","score":0.9591000080108643,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3315","display_name":"Communication"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/33","display_name":"Social Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12146","display_name":"Power Line Communications and Noise","score":0.9516000151634216,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-spaces","display_name":"White spaces","score":0.9442247152328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white","display_name":"White (mutation)","score":0.8309274315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.5800795555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/white-paper","display_name":"White paper","score":0.4486001133918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.3717418313026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/telecommunications","display_name":"Telecommunications","score":0.31083571910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geography","display_name":"Geography","score":0.13363346457481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wireless","display_name":"Wireless","score":0.055309146642684937}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C96391052","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q256313","display_name":"White spaces","level":4,"score":0.9442247152328491},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56273599","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3122841","display_name":"White (mutation)","level":3,"score":0.8309274315834045},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.5800795555114746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778605646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q223729","display_name":"White paper","level":2,"score":0.4486001133918762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.3717418313026428},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C76155785","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q418","display_name":"Telecommunications","level":1,"score":0.31083571910858154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.13363346457481384},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C555944384","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q249","display_name":"Wireless","level":2,"score":0.055309146642684937},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149946192","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3235733","display_name":"Cognitive radio","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166957645","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23498","display_name":"Archaeology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dyspan.2015.7343846","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2015 IEEE International Symposium on Dynamic Spectrum Access Networks (DySPAN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/f5693b70-06de-443b-b2e2-8996b913b49a","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://kclpure.kcl.ac.uk/portal/en/publications/to-white-space-or-not-to-white-space-that-is-the-trial-within-the-ofcom-tv-white-spaces-pilot(f5693b70-06de-443b-b2e2-8996b913b49a).html","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400217","display_name":"Research Portal (King's College London)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I183935753","host_organization_name":"King's College London","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I183935753"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":""}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.5099999904632568}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G649705970","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"EP/L024241/1","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","funder_display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334627","display_name":"Engineering and Physical Sciences Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/0439y7842"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":2,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1608834109","https://openalex.org/W2089310521"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1895183601","https://openalex.org/W1985250594","https://openalex.org/W2080599847","https://openalex.org/W2184303792","https://openalex.org/W2767968277","https://openalex.org/W2057120879","https://openalex.org/W616705313","https://openalex.org/W2171811465","https://openalex.org/W2108352382","https://openalex.org/W1985490921"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"TV":[0],"White":[1,28],"Space":[2,29],"(TVWS)":[3],"has":[4,130],"taken":[5],"a":[6,16,45,179,263],"big":[7],"step":[8],"forward":[9],"with":[10],"the":[11,19,22,36,48,56,75,111,123,171,185,201,206,215,241],"UK":[12,202],"regulator":[13],"Ofcom":[14,57],"initiating":[15],"pilot":[17],"of":[18,47,67,103,110,173,181,188,200,240,265],"technology":[20],"in":[21,63,65,114,134,198,205,252,257,296,303],"UK,":[23,124],"based":[24,164],"on":[25,44,74,165],"rules":[26],"for":[27,106,175,292,308],"Devices":[30],"(WSDs)":[31],"standardized":[32],"and":[33,69,71,89,101,137,142,148,159,203,220,237,267],"harmonized":[34],"at":[35],"European":[37],"level":[38],"by":[39,51,214,234,249],"ETSI.":[40],"This":[41],"paper":[42,84],"reports":[43],"subset":[46],"work":[49],"undertaken":[50],"our":[52,92],"large-scale":[53],"trial":[54],"within":[55],"Pilot,":[58],"investigating":[59],"what":[60],"is":[61,194,211,218,231,259],"achievable":[62],"TVWS":[64,107,129,150,174,196,258,305],"terms":[66],"availability":[68,141,235],"capacity,":[70],"strongly":[72],"focusing":[73],"potential":[76,133],"to":[77],"aggregate":[78],"white":[79],"space":[80],"resources.":[81],"Moreover,":[82],"this":[83,115,166,210],"provides":[85],"some":[86,270,304],"experimental":[87],"results":[88],"observations":[90,113],"from":[91],"trial,":[93],"particularly":[94,146,204,232,268],"around":[95],"issues":[96],"such":[97],"as":[98,155],"performance":[99],"testing":[100],"assessment":[102],"appropriate":[104],"scenarios":[105,151],"deployments.":[108,139],"Some":[109],"key":[112],"paper,":[116],"among":[117],"numerous":[118],"others,":[119],"include:":[120],"(i)":[121],"In":[122,262],"it":[125],"seems":[126],"likely":[127],"that":[128,152,217],"most":[131],"performance/benefit":[132],"below-rooftop":[135],"receiver":[136],"indoor/underground":[138],"For":[140],"capacity":[143,256],"analyses,":[144],"we":[145,153],"define":[147],"assess":[149],"term":[154],"\u201cmobile":[156],"broadband":[157,228],"downlink\u201d":[158],"\u201cindoor":[160],"wireless":[161],"local-area":[162],"networking\u201d":[163],"realization.":[167],"We":[168],"further":[169],"demonstrate":[170],"strength":[172],"indoor":[176],"communications":[177],"through":[178],"range":[180],"challenging":[182],"experiments":[183],"inside":[184],"Strand":[186],"Campus":[187],"King's":[189],"College":[190],"London.":[191],"(ii)":[192],"There":[193],"ample":[195],"available":[197],"much":[199],"London":[207,242],"area,":[208],"although":[209],"affected":[212,233],"greatly":[213],"scenario":[216,230],"considered":[219],"can":[221,246],"be":[222,247],"very":[223],"highly":[224],"variable.":[225],"The":[226],"mobile":[227],"downlink":[229],"reduction":[236],"variability":[238],"outside":[239],"area.":[243],"Impressive":[244],"capacities":[245],"achieved":[248],"optimal":[250],"aggregation":[251,271],"TVWS.":[253],"Achievable":[254],"area":[255],"high.":[260],"(iii)":[261],"number":[264],"cases,":[266],"under":[269],"scenarios,":[272,307],"subsets":[273],"or":[274],"indeed":[275],"all":[276],"WSD":[277],"spectrum":[278,290,311],"mask":[279,312],"classes":[280],"give":[281],"similar":[282],"performance.":[283],"(iv)":[284],"A":[285],"worst":[286],"case":[287],"700":[288],"MHz":[289],"reassignment":[291],"ITU":[293],"Region":[294],"1":[295],"WRC":[297],"2015":[298],"could":[299],"significantly":[300],"affect":[301],"availability/capacity":[302],"usage":[306],"lower":[309],"quality":[310],"class":[313],"WSDs.":[314]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":19},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":16},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}