{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1968438944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","title":"Towards secure monitoring and control systems: Diversify!","display_name":"Towards secure monitoring and control systems: Diversify!","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1968438944","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","mag":"1968438944"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 43rd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5052961846","display_name":"Domenico Cotroneo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7103-592X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091745","display_name":"Eski\u015fehir City Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00czdkn85","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133743585","display_name":"Anadolu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nz37n09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]}],"countries":["IT","TR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Domenico Cotroneo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5028725987","display_name":"Antonio Pecchia","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2869-8423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091745","display_name":"Eski\u015fehir City Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00czdkn85","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133743585","display_name":"Anadolu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nz37n09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]}],"countries":["IT","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Antonio Pecchia","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002197803","display_name":"Stefano Russo","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8747-3446"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210091745","display_name":"Eski\u015fehir City Hospital","ror":"https://ror.org/00czdkn85","country_code":"TR","type":"healthcare","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1303077703","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71267560","display_name":"University of Naples Federico II","ror":"https://ror.org/05290cv24","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I133743585","display_name":"Anadolu University","ror":"https://ror.org/05nz37n09","country_code":"TR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I133743585"]}],"countries":["IT","TR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Stefano Russo","raw_affiliation_strings":["Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Bilgisayar M\u00fchendisli\u011fi B\u00f6l\u00fcm\u00fc, Anadolu \u00dcniversitesi, Eskisehir, Turkey","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I133743585","https://openalex.org/I4210091745"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dipt. di Ing. Elettr. e delle Tecnol. dell'Inf. (DIETI), Univ. degli Studi di Napoli Federico II, Naples, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5052961846"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71267560","https://openalex.org/I4210091745","https://openalex.org/I133743585"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.05241721,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"1","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10917","display_name":"Smart Grid Security and Resilience","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2207","display_name":"Control and Systems Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9940999746322632,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9860000014305115,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/scada","display_name":"SCADA","score":0.7213795185089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.6825563311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6730974316596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/industrial-control-system","display_name":"Industrial control system","score":0.6612054109573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/exploit","display_name":"Exploit","score":0.6243324279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/leverage","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","score":0.4867148697376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.4817242920398712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/malware","display_name":"Malware","score":0.4500274956226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.3913196325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/control","display_name":"Control (management)","score":0.3094894289970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.2026894986629486}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113863187","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17498","display_name":"SCADA","level":2,"score":0.7213795185089111},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.6825563311576843},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6730974316596985},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C40071531","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2513962","display_name":"Industrial control system","level":3,"score":0.6612054109573364},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165696696","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11287","display_name":"Exploit","level":2,"score":0.6243324279785156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153083717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6535263","display_name":"Leverage (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.4867148697376251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.4817242920398712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C541664917","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14001","display_name":"Malware","level":2,"score":0.4500274956226349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.3913196325302124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775924081","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55608371","display_name":"Control (management)","level":2,"score":0.3094894289970398},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.2026894986629486},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2013.6575341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 43rd Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks (DSN)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.5,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2104938562","https://openalex.org/W2108376255","https://openalex.org/W2726810975","https://openalex.org/W6675761431"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1966145327","https://openalex.org/W2516092834","https://openalex.org/W2309980522","https://openalex.org/W2187618570","https://openalex.org/W4252573951","https://openalex.org/W2902958991","https://openalex.org/W1980447405","https://openalex.org/W2801513872","https://openalex.org/W2961381604","https://openalex.org/W2615554433"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Cyber":[0],"attacks":[1,31],"have":[2],"become":[3],"surprisingly":[4],"sophisticated":[5],"over":[6],"the":[7,21,87,93,111,115,125,147,150,171,176,180,199,211,214,241],"past":[8],"fifteen":[9],"years.":[10],"While":[11],"early":[12],"infections":[13],"mostly":[14],"targeted":[15],"individual":[16],"machines,":[17],"recent":[18,82],"threats":[19],"leverage":[20],"widespread":[22],"network":[23],"connectivity":[24],"to":[25,54,65,174,179,206,239],"develop":[26],"complex":[27],"and":[28,51,74,77,102,118,216,222],"highly":[29],"coordinated":[30],"involving":[32],"several":[33],"distributed":[34],"nodes":[35,177],"[1].":[36],"Attackers":[37],"are":[38],"currently":[39],"targeting":[40],"very":[41],"diverse":[42],"domains,":[43],"e.g.,":[44],"e-commerce":[45],"systems,":[46,53],"corporate":[47],"networks,":[48],"datacenter":[49],"facilities":[50],"industrial":[52],"achieve":[55],"a":[56,81,138,143,160,219],"variety":[57],"of":[58,67,72,114,127,142,149,163,170,189,213],"objectives,":[59],"which":[60],"range":[61],"from":[62],"credentials":[63],"compromise":[64],"sabotage":[66],"physical":[68],"devices,":[69],"by":[70,92,123,153,187,244],"means":[71,188],"smarter":[73,75],"worms":[76],"rootkits.":[78],"Stuxnet":[79,109,158,227],"is":[80,204,237],"worm":[83],"that":[84],"well":[85],"emphasizes":[86],"strong":[88],"technical":[89],"advances":[90],"achieved":[91],"attackers'":[94],"community.":[95],"It":[96],"was":[97],"discovered":[98],"in":[99],"July":[100],"2010":[101],"firstly":[103],"affected":[104],"Iranian":[105,151],"nuclear":[106],"plants":[107],"[2].":[108],"compromises":[110],"regular":[112,246],"behavior":[113,209],"supervisory":[116],"control":[117,156,223],"data":[119],"acquisition":[120],"(SCADA)":[121],"system":[122,243],"reprogramming":[124],"code":[126],"programmable":[128],"logic":[129],"controllers":[130],"(PLC).":[131],"Once":[132],"compromised,":[133],"PLCs":[134],"can":[135,228],"progressively":[136],"destroy":[137],"device":[139],"(e.g.,":[140,186,194],"components":[141],"centrifuge,":[144],"such":[145],"as":[146],"case":[148],"plant)":[152],"sending":[154],"malicious":[155],"signals.":[157,248],"combines":[159],"relevant":[161],"number":[162],"challenging":[164],"features:":[165],"it":[166,182,203,236],"exploits":[167],"zero-days":[168],"vulnerabilities":[169],"Windows":[172],"OS":[173],"affect":[175],"connected":[178],"PLC;":[181],"propagates":[183],"either":[184],"locally":[185],"USB":[190],"sticks)":[191],"or":[192,198],"remotely":[193],"via":[195],"shared":[196],"folders":[197],"print":[200],"spooler":[201],"vulnerability);":[202],"able":[205,238],"modify":[207],"its":[208],"during":[210],"progression":[212],"attack,":[215],"communicates":[217],"with":[218],"remote":[220],"command":[221],"server.":[224],"More":[225],"importantly,":[226],"remain":[229],"undetected":[230],"for":[231],"many":[232],"months":[233],"[3]":[234],"because":[235],"fool":[240],"SCADA":[242],"emulating":[245],"monitoring":[247]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}