{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2145913856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","title":"Exploiting refactoring in formal verification","display_name":"Exploiting refactoring in formal verification","publication_year":2009,"publication_date":"2009-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2145913856","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","mag":"2145913856"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5082417075","display_name":"Xiang Yin","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7306-0325"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiang Yin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075482777","display_name":"John Knight","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4327-7272"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Knight","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083601969","display_name":"Westley Weimer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6749-2204"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I51556381","display_name":"University of Virginia","ror":"https://ror.org/0153tk833","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Westley Weimer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Virginia, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I51556381"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":22,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"53","last_page":"62"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11424","display_name":"Security and Verification in Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10142","display_name":"Formal Methods in Verification","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1703","display_name":"Computational Theory and Mathematics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11241","display_name":"Advanced Malware Detection Techniques","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code-refactoring","display_name":"Code refactoring","score":0.9445421695709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/correctness","display_name":"Correctness","score":0.8486859202384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7889357805252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.7469449043273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-proof","display_name":"Mathematical proof","score":0.5920671820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-verification","display_name":"Formal verification","score":0.5812608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/functional-verification","display_name":"Functional verification","score":0.5593819618225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-verification","display_name":"Software verification","score":0.49743083119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-specification","display_name":"Formal specification","score":0.4935342073440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/semantics","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","score":0.45157164335250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/formal-methods","display_name":"Formal methods","score":0.4515133202075958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/code","display_name":"Code (set theory)","score":0.4241655468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.3125474452972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-system","display_name":"Software system","score":0.23871010541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software-construction","display_name":"Software construction","score":0.12008717656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.07421037554740906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152752567","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q116877","display_name":"Code refactoring","level":3,"score":0.9445421695709229},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55439883","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q360812","display_name":"Correctness","level":2,"score":0.8486859202384949},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7889357805252075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.7469449043273926},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108710211","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11538","display_name":"Mathematical proof","level":2,"score":0.5920671820640564},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111498074","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q173326","display_name":"Formal verification","level":2,"score":0.5812608003616333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62460635","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5508853","display_name":"Functional verification","level":3,"score":0.5593819618225098},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33054407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6504747","display_name":"Software verification","level":5,"score":0.49743083119392395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116253237","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437424","display_name":"Formal specification","level":2,"score":0.4935342073440552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184337299","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1437428","display_name":"Semantics (computer science)","level":2,"score":0.45157164335250854},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C75606506","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1049183","display_name":"Formal methods","level":2,"score":0.4515133202075958},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776760102","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5139990","display_name":"Code (set theory)","level":3,"score":0.4241655468940735},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.3125474452972412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149091818","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2429814","display_name":"Software system","level":3,"score":0.23871010541915894},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C186846655","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3398377","display_name":"Software construction","level":4,"score":0.12008717656135559},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.07421037554740906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2009.5270355","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2009 IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems & Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.143.7893","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.143.7893","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jck/publications/dsn.09.Echo.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.148.3670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.148.3670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~weimer/p/weimer-dsn2009.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.217.1353","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.217.1353","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~weimer/p/weimer-dsn2009-preprint.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.220.1812","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.220.1812","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.cs.virginia.edu/~jck/publications/dsn.09.Echo.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306076","display_name":"National Science Foundation","ror":"https://ror.org/021nxhr62"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306101","display_name":"National Aeronautics and Space Administration","ror":"https://ror.org/027ka1x80"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1499226144","https://openalex.org/W1512563586","https://openalex.org/W1534850143","https://openalex.org/W1559870885","https://openalex.org/W1662204117","https://openalex.org/W1993152532","https://openalex.org/W1995008247","https://openalex.org/W2068089353","https://openalex.org/W2116223423","https://openalex.org/W2125872407","https://openalex.org/W2133190575","https://openalex.org/W2157799413","https://openalex.org/W2355550369","https://openalex.org/W2561347174","https://openalex.org/W3147534920","https://openalex.org/W4254354208","https://openalex.org/W6628788131","https://openalex.org/W6630713481","https://openalex.org/W6667459044","https://openalex.org/W6731144797"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2149609054","https://openalex.org/W2115240397","https://openalex.org/W2042255170","https://openalex.org/W2117573403","https://openalex.org/W2166092235","https://openalex.org/W2487509351","https://openalex.org/W2946278054","https://openalex.org/W2167022220","https://openalex.org/W2197865678","https://openalex.org/W1981467734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,95],"previous":[1],"work,":[2],"we":[3,98,141],"introduced":[4],"Echo,":[5],"a":[6,26,53,106],"new":[7],"approach":[8],"to":[9,33,40,68,78],"the":[10,14,45,60,63,71,75,79,83,87,92,110,117,128],"formal":[11],"verification":[12,29,93,100,111,131],"of":[13,17,20,62,70,109,112,116,130],"functional":[15],"correctness":[16,136],"software.":[18],"Part":[19],"what":[21],"makes":[22],"Echo":[23],"practical":[24],"is":[25,36,47,55],"technique":[27],"called":[28],"refactoring.":[30],"The":[31],"program":[32,46,65],"be":[34],"verified":[35],"mechanically":[37],"refactored":[38,64],"specifically":[39],"facilitate":[41],"verification.":[42],"After":[43],"refactoring,":[44],"documented":[48],"with":[49,105,134],"low-level":[50],"annotations,":[51,80],"and":[52,81,102,138,140],"specification":[54,85,90],"extracted":[56,84],"mechanically.":[57],"Proofs":[58],"that":[59,74,82],"semantics":[61],"are":[66],"equivalent":[67],"those":[69],"original":[72,89],"program,":[73],"code":[76],"conforms":[77],"implies":[86],"program's":[88],"constitute":[91],"argument.":[94],"this":[96],"paper,":[97],"discuss":[99],"refactoring":[101,133],"illustrate":[103],"it":[104],"case":[107],"study":[108],"an":[113],"optimized":[114],"implementation":[115],"advanced":[118],"encryption":[119],"standard":[120],"(AES)":[121],"against":[122],"its":[123,143],"official":[124],"specification.":[125],"We":[126],"compare":[127],"practicality":[129],"using":[132,145],"traditional":[135],"proofs":[137],"refinement,":[139],"assess":[142],"efficacy":[144],"seeded":[146],"defects.":[147]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":4}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}