{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2142880306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","title":"Hierarchical computation of interval availability and related metrics","display_name":"Hierarchical computation of interval availability and related metrics","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-01-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2142880306","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","mag":"2142880306"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5111890133","display_name":"Dong Tang","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1342911587","display_name":"Oracle (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/006c77m33","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dong Tang","raw_affiliation_strings":["Sun Microsystems, Inc., USA","Sun MicroSystems Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun Microsystems, Inc., USA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Sun MicroSystems Inc., Santa Clara, CA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1342911587"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036851432","display_name":"Kishor S. Trivedi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7396-6330"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I170897317","display_name":"Duke University","ror":"https://ror.org/00py81415","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K.S. Trivedi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Duke University, USA","Duke University"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Duke University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I170897317"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.1866,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":19,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.76692374,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"693","last_page":"698"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12423","display_name":"Software Reliability and Analysis Research","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1712","display_name":"Software"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.9868000149726868,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","score":0.7903827428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7483084797859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computation","display_name":"Computation","score":0.5750471949577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transient","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","score":0.5728088617324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-chain","display_name":"Markov chain","score":0.5267367362976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constant","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","score":0.49135032296180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-model","display_name":"Markov model","score":0.46885284781455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/markov-process","display_name":"Markov process","score":0.43002650141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/property","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","score":0.42458346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/interval-arithmetic","display_name":"Interval arithmetic","score":0.4131552577018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.36948084831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.2960371971130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1809920370578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.16073864698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.11020070314407349}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778067643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q166507","display_name":"Interval (graph theory)","level":2,"score":0.7903827428817749},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7483084797859192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C45374587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12525525","display_name":"Computation","level":2,"score":0.5750471949577332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780799671","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17087362","display_name":"Transient (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.5728088617324829},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98763669","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov chain","level":2,"score":0.5267367362976074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777027219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1284190","display_name":"Constant (computer programming)","level":2,"score":0.49135032296180725},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163836022","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6771326","display_name":"Markov model","level":3,"score":0.46885284781455994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159886148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q176645","display_name":"Markov process","level":2,"score":0.43002650141716003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C189950617","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q937228","display_name":"Property (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.42458346486091614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191252586","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1671453","display_name":"Interval arithmetic","level":3,"score":0.4131552577018738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.36948084831237793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.2960371971130371},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1809920370578766},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.16073864698410034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.11020070314407349},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C114614502","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q76592","display_name":"Combinatorics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34388435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2267362","display_name":"Bounded function","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2004.1311940","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks, 2004","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":16,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1967497793","https://openalex.org/W1973602358","https://openalex.org/W1975808583","https://openalex.org/W1992580876","https://openalex.org/W2027243416","https://openalex.org/W2045129218","https://openalex.org/W2053117197","https://openalex.org/W2070215238","https://openalex.org/W2090188531","https://openalex.org/W2097635914","https://openalex.org/W2127127180","https://openalex.org/W2129664585","https://openalex.org/W2133820906","https://openalex.org/W2151449268","https://openalex.org/W2161671153","https://openalex.org/W2707154007"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2520934858","https://openalex.org/W2990487117","https://openalex.org/W2012882356","https://openalex.org/W109635080","https://openalex.org/W2377262226","https://openalex.org/W4285295794","https://openalex.org/W2098412892","https://openalex.org/W2531534085","https://openalex.org/W2387705642","https://openalex.org/W2372016227"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,81,91,104,107,114,122,135,140,178,187],"new":[2],"generation":[3],"high-availability":[4],"commercial":[5],"computer":[6],"systems":[7,28],"incorporate":[8],"deferred":[9],"repair":[10],"service":[11],"strategies,":[12],"steady-state":[13],"availability":[14,24,32,70,117,138],"metrics":[15,73,118,156],"may":[16],"no":[17],"longer":[18],"reflect":[19],"reality.":[20],"Transient":[21],"solution":[22,41],"of":[23,84,148],"models":[25,56],"for":[26,43,74,139,153,177],"such":[27,89],"to":[29,50,67,102,124,133],"calculate":[30],"interval":[31,69,83,116,137],"over":[33],"shorter":[34],"time":[35,82],"horizon":[36],"is":[37,163],"desirable.":[38],"While":[39],"many":[40],"methods":[42,53,147],"transient":[44],"analysis":[45],"have":[46,181],"been":[47,59,171,183],"proposed,":[48],"how":[49],"apply":[51],"these":[52,129],"on":[54],"hierarchical":[55,75,159],"has":[57,170],"not":[58],"well":[60],"addressed.":[61],"This":[62],"paper":[63],"describes":[64],"an":[65,166],"approach":[66,79,162],"computing":[68],"and":[71,111,169],"related":[72],"Markov":[76,109],"models.":[77],"The":[78,143,161],"divides":[80],"interest":[85],"into":[86],"small":[87],"subintervals":[88],"that":[90],"input":[92],"parameters":[93,150],"can":[94],"be":[95],"treated":[96],"as":[97,119],"constants":[98,120],"in":[99,173],"each":[100],"subinterval":[101],"make":[103],"model":[105,168,180],"satisfy":[106],"homogeneous":[108],"property,":[110],"then":[112],"pass":[113],"output":[115],"from":[121,157],"sub-model":[123],"its":[125],"parent":[126],"model.":[127,160],"Finally,":[128],"quantities":[130],"are":[131],"integrated":[132],"obtain":[134],"expected":[136],"entire":[141],"interval.":[142],"study":[144],"also":[145,182],"addresses":[146],"passing":[149],"across":[151],"levels":[152],"generating":[154],"multiple":[155],"a":[158],"illustrated":[164],"with":[165],"example":[167,179],"implemented":[172],"RAScad.":[174],"All":[175],"computations":[176],"carried":[184],"out":[185],"using":[186],"SHARPE":[188],"textual":[189],"language":[190],"interface.":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}