{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1941880258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","title":"32-bit cyclic redundancy codes for Internet applications","display_name":"32-bit cyclic redundancy codes for Internet applications","publication_year":2003,"publication_date":"2003-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1941880258","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","mag":"1941880258"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref","datacite"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/32-Bit_Cyclic_Redundancy_Codes_for_Internet_Applications/6620594","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036158209","display_name":"Philip Koopman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1658-2386"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","display_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","ror":"https://ror.org/05x2bcf33","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"P. Koopman","raw_affiliation_strings":["ECE Department & ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ECE Department & ICES, Carnegie Mellon University, Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Electron. & Comput. Eng., Carnegie Mellon Univ., Pittsburgh, PA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5036158209"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":5.1567,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":169,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95253109,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":95,"max":100},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"459","last_page":"468"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11130","display_name":"Coding theory and cryptography","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10951","display_name":"Cryptographic Implementations and Security","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cyclic-redundancy-check","display_name":"Cyclic redundancy check","score":0.8451496958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7199150323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-distance","display_name":"Hamming distance","score":0.5889480113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.5800888538360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.5392983555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hamming-code","display_name":"Hamming code","score":0.5378566980361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/forward-error-correction","display_name":"Forward error correction","score":0.5356884002685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.3912312686443329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.3666107952594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.20602938532829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.13301557302474976}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C137627569","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q245471","display_name":"Cyclic redundancy check","level":3,"score":0.8451496958732605},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7199150323867798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C193319292","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q272172","display_name":"Hamming distance","level":2,"score":0.5889480113983154},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.5800888538360596},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.5392983555793762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C73150493","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q853922","display_name":"Hamming code","level":4,"score":0.5378566980361938},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202932441","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q55611017","display_name":"Forward error correction","level":3,"score":0.5356884002685547},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.3912312686443329},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.3666107952594757},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.20602938532829285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.13301557302474976},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":6,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn.2002.1028931","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6620594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/32-Bit_Cyclic_Redundancy_Codes_for_Internet_Applications/6620594","pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/32-Bit_Cyclic_Redundancy_Codes_for_Internet_Applications/6620594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:repository.cmu.edu:isr-1682","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://repository.cmu.edu/isr/672","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400668","display_name":"Research Showcase @ Carnegie Mellon University (Carnegie Mellon University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I74973139","host_organization_name":"Carnegie Mellon University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74973139"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Institute for Software Research","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:doi:10.1184/r1/6620594","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4406922384","display_name":"Open MIND","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"Journal contribution"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.11.8323","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.11.8323","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ece.cmu.edu/~koopman/networks/dsn02/dsn02_koopman.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"doi:10.1184/r1/6620594.v1","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1184/r1/6620594.v1","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S7407050927","display_name":"KiltHub Repository","issn_l":null,"issn":[],"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"article-journal"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:figshare.com:article/6620594","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/journal_contribution/32-Bit_Cyclic_Redundancy_Codes_for_Internet_Applications/6620594","pdf_url":"https://figshare.com/articles/32-Bit_Cyclic_Redundancy_Codes_for_Internet_Applications/6620594","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196282","display_name":"Figshare","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210132348","host_organization_name":"Figshare (United Kingdom)","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210132348"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"cc-by","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/cc-by","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1941880258.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W1941880258.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":7,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2021564380","https://openalex.org/W2064759901","https://openalex.org/W2092787020","https://openalex.org/W2108549388","https://openalex.org/W2145056205","https://openalex.org/W2182112064","https://openalex.org/W6673862136"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2384732292","https://openalex.org/W4387475406","https://openalex.org/W2366313859","https://openalex.org/W2184233008","https://openalex.org/W3210051177","https://openalex.org/W2003271237","https://openalex.org/W3131618665","https://openalex.org/W2798422626","https://openalex.org/W2580947557","https://openalex.org/W2514274670"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Standardized":[0],"32-bit":[1,91],"cyclic":[2],"redundancy":[3],"codes":[4],"provide":[5],"fewer":[6],"bits":[7],"of":[8,20,89,121],"guaranteed":[9],"error":[10,149,162],"detection":[11,150],"than":[12,112],"they":[13],"could,":[14],"achieving":[15,108],"a":[16,109],"Hamming":[17],"Distance":[18],"(HD)":[19],"only":[21],"4":[22],"for":[23,48,68,74,151],"maximum-length":[24],"Ethernet":[25],"messages,":[26],"whereas":[27],"HD=6":[28,67,127],"is":[29,123],"possible.":[30],"Although":[31],"research":[32,98],"has":[33,42,55],"revealed":[34],"improved":[35],"codes,":[36],"exploring":[37],"the":[38,85,90,113,142],"entire":[39],"design":[40,93,145],"space":[41],"previously":[43],"been":[44,57],"computationally":[45],"intractable,":[46],"even":[47],"special-purpose":[49],"hardware.":[50],"Moreover,":[51],"no":[52],"CRC":[53,92],"polynomial":[54],"yet":[56],"found":[58],"that":[59,125,147],"satisfies":[60],"an":[61],"emerging":[62],"need":[63],"to":[64,103,129,136],"attain":[65],"both":[66,152],"12K":[69],"bit":[70,132,138],"messages":[71],"and":[72,101,133,154,160],"HD=4":[73,134],"message":[75,139],"lengths":[76],"beyond":[77],"64":[78],"Kbits.":[79],"This":[80],"paper":[81],"presents":[82],"results":[83],"from":[84,96],"first":[86],"exhaustive":[87],"search":[88],"space.":[94],"Results":[95],"previous":[97],"are":[99],"validated":[100],"extended":[102],"include":[104],"identifying":[105],"all":[106],"polynomials":[107,122],"better":[110],"HD":[111],"IEEE":[114],"802.3":[115],"CRC-32":[116],"polynomial.":[117],"A":[118],"new":[119,155],"class":[120],"identified":[124],"provides":[126],"up":[128,135],"nearly":[130],"16K":[131],"114K":[137],"lengths,":[140],"providing":[141],"best":[143],"achievable":[144],"point":[146],"maximizes":[148],"legacy":[153],"applications,":[156],"including":[157],"potentially":[158],"iSCSI":[159],"application-implemented":[161],"checks.":[163]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":15},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":20},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":13},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":12},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":10}],"updated_date":"2026-06-19T17:40:00.097472","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
