{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2528344430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","title":"A Triple Core Lock-Step (TCLS) ARM\u00ae Cortex\u00ae-R5 Processor for Safety-Critical and Ultra-Reliable Applications","display_name":"A Triple Core Lock-Step (TCLS) ARM\u00ae Cortex\u00ae-R5 Processor for Safety-Critical and Ultra-Reliable Applications","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2528344430","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","mag":"2528344430"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshop (DSN-W)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5081675149","display_name":"Xabier Iturbe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9860-1490"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xabier Iturbe","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Research, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5086444218","display_name":"Balaji Venu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7696-9473"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Balaji Venu","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Research, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5060902414","display_name":"Emre \u00d6zer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8285-1551"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Emre Ozer","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Research, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042312430","display_name":"Shidhartha Das","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4123-8600"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I2801109035","display_name":"ARM (United Kingdom)","ror":"https://ror.org/04mmhzs81","country_code":"GB","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shidhartha Das","raw_affiliation_strings":["ARM Research, Cambridge, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"ARM Research, Cambridge, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I2801109035"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":61,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"246","last_page":"249"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10933","display_name":"Real-Time Systems Scheduling","score":0.998199999332428,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arm-architecture","display_name":"ARM architecture","score":0.7416285276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6946025490760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.6074644327163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/central-processing-unit","display_name":"Central processing unit","score":0.5423082709312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/multi-core-processor","display_name":"Multi-core processor","score":0.5247100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","score":0.4973151981830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/process","display_name":"Process (computing)","score":0.487485408782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.2548453211784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.25175046920776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/power","display_name":"Power (physics)","score":0.11477366089820862}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26771161","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q16980","display_name":"ARM architecture","level":2,"score":0.7416285276412964},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6946025490760803},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.6074644327163696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49154492","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5300","display_name":"Central processing unit","level":2,"score":0.5423082709312439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78766204","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q555032","display_name":"Multi-core processor","level":2,"score":0.5247100591659546},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43214815","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7310987","display_name":"Reliability (semiconductor)","level":3,"score":0.4973151981830597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C98045186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q205663","display_name":"Process (computing)","level":2,"score":0.487485408782959},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.2548453211784363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.25175046920776367},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C163258240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25342","display_name":"Power (physics)","level":2,"score":0.11477366089820862},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsn-w.2016.57","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 46th Annual IEEE/IFIP International Conference on Dependable Systems and Networks Workshop (DSN-W)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8600000143051147,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":8,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2116097016","https://openalex.org/W2151113616","https://openalex.org/W2153588082","https://openalex.org/W2246326846","https://openalex.org/W2505953801","https://openalex.org/W2990263411","https://openalex.org/W4252226599","https://openalex.org/W6690925004"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2016486756","https://openalex.org/W2370330671","https://openalex.org/W2912613323","https://openalex.org/W2375870986","https://openalex.org/W2937681102","https://openalex.org/W2044727965","https://openalex.org/W2473478803","https://openalex.org/W2157201356","https://openalex.org/W2392910191","https://openalex.org/W2399091034"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"paper":[1],"introduces":[2],"the":[3,14,18,41,53,56,70,73,79,90,100,119,122,131,134,140,176,182],"ARM":[4,19,186,205],"Triple":[5],"Core":[6],"Lock-Step":[7,22],"(TCLS)":[8],"architecture,":[9],"which":[10,125],"builds":[11],"up":[12],"on":[13],"industry":[15],"success":[16],"of":[17,55,69,75,99,121,204],"Cortex-R5":[20,43],"Dual-Core":[21],"(DCLS)":[23],"processor":[24],"currently":[25,201],"used":[26],"in":[27,72,181,195],"safety-critical":[28],"real-time":[29],"applications.":[30],"The":[31,58,106,172],"TCLS":[32,59,135,177],"architecture":[33,60,136],"adds":[34],"a":[35],"third":[36],"redundant":[37],"CPU":[38,81],"unit":[39],"to":[40,45,117,148],"DCLS":[42],"system":[44,141],"achieve":[46],"fail":[47],"functional":[48],"capabilities":[49],"and":[50,65,89,128,151,165],"hence":[51],"increase":[52,179],"availability":[54],"system.":[57],"allows":[61],"for":[62],"transparent,":[63],"quicker":[64],"more":[66],"reliable":[67],"resynchronization":[68,108],"CPUs":[71,144],"event":[74],"an":[76],"error":[77],"as":[78,192,194],"erroneous":[80],"can":[82,94,152],"be":[83,95,149,153],"identified":[84],"by":[85],"comparing":[86],"its":[87],"outputs,":[88],"correct":[91,104,118],"architectural":[92],"state":[93,120],"restored":[96],"from":[97,130],"one":[98],"other":[101],"two":[102],"functionally":[103],"CPUs.":[105,132],"quick":[107],"is":[109,114,174,200],"also":[110],"possible":[111],"because":[112],"there":[113,199],"no":[115,202],"need":[116,147],"cache":[123],"memories,":[124],"are":[126,188],"shared":[127],"isolated":[129],"As":[133],"provides":[137,160],"reliability":[138,180],"at":[139],"level,":[142],"individual":[143],"do":[145],"not":[146],"fault-tolerant,":[150],"implemented":[154],"using":[155],"commercial":[156],"technology":[157,206],"process":[158,170],"that":[159,175],"higher":[161],"performance,":[162],"better":[163],"energy":[164],"cost":[166],"efficiency":[167],"than":[168],"rad-hard":[169],"technology.":[171],"expectation":[173],"could":[178],"industrial":[183],"applications":[184,197],"where":[185,198],"processors":[187],"mainstream":[189],"(e.g.,":[190,207],"automotive),":[191],"well":[193],"new":[196],"presence":[203],"space).":[208]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":10},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":9},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}