{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4407691761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665","title":"A Review of Deep Learning Methods for Automatic Pain Assessment","display_name":"A Review of Deep Learning Methods for Automatic Pain Assessment","publication_year":2024,"publication_date":"2024-12-20","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4407691761","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 7th International Conference on Data Science and Information Technology (DSIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116309200","display_name":"Lu Zhicui","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Lu Zhicui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5116309201","display_name":"Aisyah Binti Mat Jasin","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aisyah Binti Mat Jasin","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Raub,Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Raub,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083005083","display_name":"Farizuwana Akma Zulkifle","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4746-7375"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Farizuwana Akma Binti Zulkifle","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Kuala Pilah,Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Kuala Pilah,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5043834051","display_name":"Ahmad Zia Ul\u2013Saufie","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4084-6647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210138650","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA System","ror":"https://ror.org/030847t23","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I82724352","display_name":"Universiti Teknologi MARA","ror":"https://ror.org/05n8tts92","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ahmad Zia Ul-Saufie Bin Mohamad Japeri","raw_affiliation_strings":["Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Universiti Teknologi MARA,College of Computing, Informatics and Mathematics,Shah Alam,Selangor,Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210138650","https://openalex.org/I82724352"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.50208551,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"10"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.8809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T14510","display_name":"Medical Imaging and Analysis","score":0.8809999823570251,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12702","display_name":"Brain Tumor Detection and Classification","score":0.7946000099182129,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2808","display_name":"Neurology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10429","display_name":"EEG and Brain-Computer Interfaces","score":0.7731000185012817,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6899077892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5177590250968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.4761814475059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-assessment","display_name":"Pain assessment","score":0.466299444437027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.42075228691101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pain-management","display_name":"Pain management","score":0.20439589023590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/medicine","display_name":"Medicine","score":0.19112828373908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physical-therapy","display_name":"Physical therapy","score":0.13142263889312744}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6899077892303467},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5177590250968933},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.4761814475059509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778282284","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7124832","display_name":"Pain assessment","level":3,"score":0.466299444437027},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.42075228691101074},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983098980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q621261","display_name":"Pain management","level":2,"score":0.20439589023590088},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.19112828373908997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1862650","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186005","display_name":"Physical therapy","level":1,"score":0.13142263889312744}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsit61374.2024.10881665","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2024 7th International Conference on Data Science and Information Technology (DSIT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":76,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1512444571","https://openalex.org/W1964443992","https://openalex.org/W1966677887","https://openalex.org/W1985941926","https://openalex.org/W2038952578","https://openalex.org/W2045472600","https://openalex.org/W2051297709","https://openalex.org/W2063603851","https://openalex.org/W2097711399","https://openalex.org/W2101545465","https://openalex.org/W2106043670","https://openalex.org/W2139916508","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2395639500","https://openalex.org/W2396196060","https://openalex.org/W2436394355","https://openalex.org/W2470957930","https://openalex.org/W2587128043","https://openalex.org/W2752782242","https://openalex.org/W2786403656","https://openalex.org/W2799041689","https://openalex.org/W2806927661","https://openalex.org/W2807869636","https://openalex.org/W2884585870","https://openalex.org/W2900758940","https://openalex.org/W2904483377","https://openalex.org/W2934455382","https://openalex.org/W2947825201","https://openalex.org/W2979356785","https://openalex.org/W2980959834","https://openalex.org/W3004782605","https://openalex.org/W3005844399","https://openalex.org/W3015940306","https://openalex.org/W3034552520","https://openalex.org/W3042251380","https://openalex.org/W3046002912","https://openalex.org/W3081107298","https://openalex.org/W3105914803","https://openalex.org/W3119295385","https://openalex.org/W3127057006","https://openalex.org/W3128336437","https://openalex.org/W3136170586","https://openalex.org/W3139488286","https://openalex.org/W3152543649","https://openalex.org/W3162836489","https://openalex.org/W3175450530","https://openalex.org/W3182558786","https://openalex.org/W3193928656","https://openalex.org/W3201759492","https://openalex.org/W3202121204","https://openalex.org/W3208624098","https://openalex.org/W3212100135","https://openalex.org/W4206549527","https://openalex.org/W4236533540","https://openalex.org/W4283459935","https://openalex.org/W4285095938","https://openalex.org/W4297294187","https://openalex.org/W4313887774","https://openalex.org/W4319455197","https://openalex.org/W4366829024","https://openalex.org/W4380876020","https://openalex.org/W4385272849","https://openalex.org/W4386330799","https://openalex.org/W4386728959","https://openalex.org/W4388330068","https://openalex.org/W4394596040","https://openalex.org/W4394938950","https://openalex.org/W4399858791","https://openalex.org/W4401455305","https://openalex.org/W6607079296","https://openalex.org/W6618372016","https://openalex.org/W6637373629","https://openalex.org/W6638046521","https://openalex.org/W6682137061","https://openalex.org/W6790547566","https://openalex.org/W7062352716"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2731899572","https://openalex.org/W2961085424","https://openalex.org/W3215138031","https://openalex.org/W4306674287","https://openalex.org/W3009238340","https://openalex.org/W4360585206","https://openalex.org/W4321369474","https://openalex.org/W4285208911","https://openalex.org/W4387369504","https://openalex.org/W3046775127"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Pain":[0],"is":[1,19,34,76],"a":[2,38,98,125],"complex":[3],"phenomenon":[4],"that":[5],"incorporates":[6],"both":[7],"physical":[8],"sensations":[9],"and":[10,61,82,104,117,163],"emotional":[11],"responses.":[12],"The":[13,70],"use":[14],"of":[15,52,68,72,90,120,132,155],"automated":[16,66,93,160],"pain":[17,30,53,94,121,161],"assessment":[18,67,95,162],"crucial":[20],"in":[21,137,145],"order":[22],"to":[23,36,58,77,86,112],"develop":[24],"effective":[25],"medical":[26],"diagnostic":[27],"systems":[28],"for":[29,49,64,141],"management.":[31],"Thus,":[32],"it":[33],"important":[35],"conduct":[37],"study":[39,56],"on":[40,100,107,159,167],"the":[41,50,65,79,88,118,127,130,138,149,153,156,168],"outcomes":[42],"achieved":[43],"by":[44],"utilising":[45],"deep":[46,91,108],"learning":[47],"algorithms":[48],"detection":[51],"expression.":[54],"This":[55],"aims":[57],"provide":[59],"reliable":[60],"unbiased":[62],"methods":[63,81,105],"pain.":[69],"aim":[71],"this":[73],"systematic":[74,150],"review":[75,151],"discuss":[78],"models,":[80],"data":[83],"types":[84],"used":[85,111],"build":[87],"foundation":[89],"learning-based":[92],"systems,":[96],"with":[97],"focus":[99],"analysing":[101],"improved":[102],"strategies":[103],"based":[106],"modelling":[109],"techniques":[110,136],"enhance":[113],"feature":[114],"extraction":[115],"accuracy":[116,119],"level":[122],"assessment.":[123],"As":[124],"result,":[126],"literature":[128],"explores":[129],"application":[131],"facial":[133],"expression":[134],"recognition":[135],"field":[139],"environment":[140],"addressing":[142],"various":[143],"challenges":[144],"clinical":[146],"testing.":[147],"Consequently,":[148],"identifies":[152],"limitations":[154],"current":[157],"research":[158,171],"offers":[164],"an":[165],"outlook":[166],"potential":[169],"future":[170],"directions.":[172]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}