{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3133347722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","title":"Vulnerability of Privacy Visor Used to Disrupt Unauthorized Face Recognition","display_name":"Vulnerability of Privacy Visor Used to Disrupt Unauthorized Face Recognition","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-01-30","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3133347722","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","mag":"3133347722"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing (DSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5069369158","display_name":"Hiroaki Kikuchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0903-8430"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16656306","display_name":"Meiji University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqvrp93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hiroaki Kikuchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076368456","display_name":"Kazuki Eto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16656306","display_name":"Meiji University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqvrp93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuki Eto","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009902156","display_name":"Kazushi Waki","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16656306","display_name":"Meiji University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqvrp93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazushi Waki","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103757830","display_name":"Takafumi Mori","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I16656306","display_name":"Meiji University","ror":"https://ror.org/02rqvrp93","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Takafumi Mori","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano,Tokyo,Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Interdisciplinary Mathematical Sciences, Meiji University Nakano, Tokyo, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I16656306"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"10","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11800","display_name":"User Authentication and Security Systems","score":0.9914000034332275,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1710","display_name":"Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8047347068786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/vulnerability","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","score":0.7306417226791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6695724725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/convolutional-neural-network","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","score":0.6516740322113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.5057945251464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.4774397015571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-computer","display_name":"Wearable computer","score":0.46501806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/wearable-technology","display_name":"Wearable technology","score":0.44506311416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.38881200551986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3431583642959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.33220210671424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.19927558302879333}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8047347068786621},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95713431","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q631425","display_name":"Vulnerability (computing)","level":2,"score":0.7306417226791382},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6695724725723267},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81363708","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17084460","display_name":"Convolutional neural network","level":2,"score":0.6516740322113037},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.5057945251464844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.4774397015571594},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C150594956","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334829","display_name":"Wearable computer","level":2,"score":0.46501806378364563},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54290928","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4845080","display_name":"Wearable technology","level":3,"score":0.44506311416625977},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.38881200551986694},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3431583642959595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.33220210671424866},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.19927558302879333},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dsc49826.2021.9346246","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE Conference on Dependable and Secure Computing (DSC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.7699999809265137,"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1571270241","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W2065311781","https://openalex.org/W2087681821","https://openalex.org/W2115252128","https://openalex.org/W2147507563","https://openalex.org/W2164598857","https://openalex.org/W2282709619","https://openalex.org/W2884079030","https://openalex.org/W3097096317","https://openalex.org/W3122425006","https://openalex.org/W6634215731","https://openalex.org/W6677618333"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3090300519","https://openalex.org/W2514492205","https://openalex.org/W4250401876","https://openalex.org/W2943851981","https://openalex.org/W2095299560","https://openalex.org/W2907667791","https://openalex.org/W3047461507","https://openalex.org/W3126390843","https://openalex.org/W4245880644","https://openalex.org/W2999186374"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"This":[0],"work":[1],"studies":[2],"a":[3,25,66,74,92,125],"vulnerability":[4],"in":[5,116],"privacy":[6,26,44,93,112,120],"visors,":[7],"new":[8],"wearable":[9],"devices":[10],"that":[11,29,76,90],"aim":[12],"to":[13,41,78,88],"prevent":[14],"unauthorized":[15],"face":[16],"recognition":[17],"from":[18],"being":[19],"performed.":[20],"Although":[21],"the":[22,30,43,49,52,55,97],"use":[23],"of":[24,51,81,127],"visor":[27,45,94],"assumes":[28],"detectors'":[31],"targets":[32],"are":[33,106,114],"uncovered":[34],"bare":[35],"faces,":[36],"it":[37],"is":[38,122],"not":[39],"hard":[40],"detect":[42],"itself.":[46],"To":[47],"quantify":[48],"effects":[50],"disruption":[53],"and":[54,73],"vulnerability,":[56],"we":[57],"conducted":[58],"experiments":[59,85],"involving":[60],"two":[61],"major":[62],"face-recognition":[63,99],"algorithms,":[64],"namely":[65],"method":[67,75],"based":[68],"on":[69,130],"convolutional":[70],"neural":[71],"networks":[72],"aims":[77],"identify":[79],"coordinates":[80],"facial":[82],"landscapes.":[83],"Our":[84],"were":[86],"able":[87],"demonstrate":[89],"using":[91],"can":[95],"reduce":[96],"mean":[98],"rates":[100],"for":[101],"both":[102],"algorithms.":[103],"However,":[104],"they":[105],"less":[107],"effective":[108],"if":[109],"faces":[110],"with":[111,119],"visors":[113,121],"used":[115],"training.":[117],"Faces":[118],"detected":[123],"at":[124],"rate":[126],"42.28":[128],"%":[129],"average.":[131]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
