{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3025611674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","title":"End-to-End Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) from Metro to Access Networks","display_name":"End-to-End Quantum Key Distribution (QKD) from Metro to Access Networks","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3025611674","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","mag":"3025611674"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 16th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks DRCN 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100403969","display_name":"Hua Wang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8465-0996"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Hua Wang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030811766","display_name":"Yongli Zhao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3716-8248"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongli Zhao","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5013684663","display_name":"Avishek Nag","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1702-1492"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I100930933","display_name":"University College Dublin","ror":"https://ror.org/05m7pjf47","country_code":"IE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}],"countries":["IE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Avishek Nag","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College, Dublin, Ireland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, University College, Dublin, Ireland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I100930933"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5018654542","display_name":"Xiaosong Yu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5159-1109"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xiaosong Yu","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5041356200","display_name":"Xinyi He","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9728-2950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Xinyi He","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100436639","display_name":"Jie Zhang","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7750-2197"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I139759216","display_name":"Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications","ror":"https://ror.org/04w9fbh59","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jie Zhang","raw_affiliation_strings":["State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"State Key Laboratory of Information Photonics and Optical Communications, Beijing University of Posts and Telecommunications, Beijing, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100403969"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I139759216"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.6628,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.75251879,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"5"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10020","display_name":"Quantum Information and Cryptography","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10682","display_name":"Quantum Computing Algorithms and Architecture","score":0.9997000098228455,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10622","display_name":"Quantum Mechanics and Applications","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3107","display_name":"Atomic and Molecular Physics, and Optics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-key-distribution","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","score":0.8336715698242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.7243874669075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6851234436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-cryptography","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","score":0.5365154147148132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/end-to-end-principle","display_name":"End-to-end principle","score":0.518302857875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-topology","display_name":"Network topology","score":0.5039648413658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/key","display_name":"Key (lock)","score":0.4503525495529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cryptography","display_name":"Cryptography","score":0.4337385594844818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3701784908771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum","display_name":"Quantum","score":0.2914229929447174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.24890252947807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.1478813886642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quantum-information","display_name":"Quantum information","score":0.12934967875480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.11350086331367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.10039111971855164}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C95466800","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1027298","display_name":"Quantum key distribution","level":3,"score":0.8336715698242188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.7243874669075012},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6851234436035156},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144901912","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q471906","display_name":"Quantum cryptography","level":4,"score":0.5365154147148132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74296488","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2527392","display_name":"End-to-end principle","level":2,"score":0.518302857875824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199845137","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q145490","display_name":"Network topology","level":2,"score":0.5039648413658142},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26517878","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228039","display_name":"Key (lock)","level":2,"score":0.4503525495529175},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C178489894","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8789","display_name":"Cryptography","level":2,"score":0.4337385594844818},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3701784908771515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C84114770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q46344","display_name":"Quantum","level":2,"score":0.2914229929447174},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.24890252947807312},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.1478813886642456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169699857","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2122243","display_name":"Quantum information","level":3,"score":0.12934967875480652},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.11350086331367493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.10039111971855164},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611062","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 16th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks DRCN 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.47999998927116394,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":20,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1539398874","https://openalex.org/W1975408841","https://openalex.org/W1978470363","https://openalex.org/W1983664285","https://openalex.org/W2009441850","https://openalex.org/W2027477522","https://openalex.org/W2158275894","https://openalex.org/W2204792711","https://openalex.org/W2472755367","https://openalex.org/W2508902623","https://openalex.org/W2754797405","https://openalex.org/W2800313743","https://openalex.org/W2887503391","https://openalex.org/W2908986384","https://openalex.org/W2911574640","https://openalex.org/W2916954333","https://openalex.org/W2944218141","https://openalex.org/W2963166063","https://openalex.org/W3099860878","https://openalex.org/W4243645013"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4312132309","https://openalex.org/W2916069885","https://openalex.org/W4221147165","https://openalex.org/W4240944159","https://openalex.org/W2147369345","https://openalex.org/W4321151520","https://openalex.org/W4384158840","https://openalex.org/W2903657089","https://openalex.org/W3217264812","https://openalex.org/W4301788372"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Derived":[0],"from":[1,60,85],"quantum":[2,4,133],"cryptography,":[3],"key":[5],"distribution":[6],"(QKD)":[7],"can":[8,46,97,179,258],"deliver":[9],"secret":[10,147],"keys":[11,148],"between":[12,56,121],"two":[13,57,123,194],"users":[14,59,125,151],"to":[15,62,70,87,131,145,164,246,268],"secure":[16],"communication":[17],"under":[18],"a":[19,77,91,127,262],"certain":[20],"scale.":[21],"Nowadays,":[22],"QKD":[23,55,78,84,141,170,212],"integrated":[24],"in":[25,43,90,105,114,152,201],"backbone,":[26],"metro,":[27],"and":[28,35,159,176,222],"access":[29,63,88,116,154],"areas":[30],"has":[31,65],"been":[32,67],"respectively":[33],"studied":[34],"tested":[36],"around":[37],"the":[38,41,48,52,106,110,119,168,172,185,188,207,215,224,234,241,252,270],"world.":[39],"Although":[40],"experiments":[42],"various":[44,115],"scenarios":[45],"verify":[47,184],"feasibility":[49],"of":[50,54,174,187,203,210,218,227,249,273],"QKD,":[51],"situation":[53],"end":[58,124,150],"metro":[61,86,107,128],"networks":[64,89,117],"not":[66],"considered":[68],"up":[69],"now.":[71],"In":[72],"this":[73],"paper,":[74],"we":[75],"propose":[76],"Network":[79],"(QKDN)":[80],"architecture":[81],"for":[82,149,276],"end-to-end":[83,140,169,211,278],"costefficient":[92],"manner.":[93],"The":[94],"cost":[95],"efficiency":[96],"be":[98,180,266],"achieved":[99],"by":[100,156,243],"sharing":[101],"Quantum":[102,111],"Receivers":[103],"(Qrecs)":[104],"network":[108,129],"with":[109,236,254],"Transmitters":[112],"(Qtras)":[113],"since":[118,261],"distance":[120],"any":[122],"within":[126],"permits":[130],"distribute":[132],"keys.":[134],"Under":[135],"such":[136],"an":[137,139],"architecture,":[138],"scheme":[142],"is":[143,191],"designed":[144],"provide":[146],"different":[153,195],"networks,":[155],"mapping":[157],"Qrecs":[158,175,228],"allocating":[160],"time":[161,177,219],"slots":[162,178,220],"according":[163],"security":[165],"requests.":[166,279],"Through":[167],"scheme,":[171,189],"occupation":[173,272],"appropriately":[181],"improved.":[182],"To":[183],"effectiveness":[186],"simulation":[190],"conducted":[192],"on":[193],"topologies":[196],"respectively.":[197],"Performances":[198],"are":[199],"evaluated":[200],"terms":[202],"three":[204],"parameters:":[205],"i)":[206],"failure":[208],"ratio":[209,217,226],"(FQ),":[213],"ii)":[214],"utilization":[216,225],"(TU),":[221],"iii)":[223],"(QU).":[229],"Simulation":[230],"results":[231],"show":[232],"that":[233],"topology":[235,253],"more":[237,247],"nodes":[238],"will":[239,265],"lower":[240,259],"QU":[242],"distributing":[244],"requests":[245],"numbers":[248],"Qrecs.":[250],"Moreover,":[251],"bigger":[255],"node":[256],"connectivity":[257],"FQ":[260],"shorter":[263],"path":[264],"selected":[267],"save":[269],"unnecessary":[271],"link":[274],"resources":[275],"other":[277]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
