{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3024042128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","title":"Paxos in the NIC: Hardware Acceleration of Distributed Consensus Protocols","display_name":"Paxos in the NIC: Hardware Acceleration of Distributed Consensus Protocols","publication_year":2020,"publication_date":"2020-03-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3024042128","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","mag":"3024042128"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 16th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks DRCN 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5074609161","display_name":"Giacomo Belocchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1199-0479"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Giacomo Belocchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5047108954","display_name":"Valeria Cardellini","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6870-7083"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Valeria Cardellini","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Rome Tor Vergata, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065033604","display_name":"Aniello Cammarano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aniello Cammarano","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007176500","display_name":"Giuseppe Bianchi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-7277-7423"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Giuseppe Bianchi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni (CNIT), Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5074609161"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.8056,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.74693878,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":97},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10772","display_name":"Distributed systems and fault tolerance","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10829","display_name":"Interconnection Networks and Systems","score":0.9954000115394592,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10054","display_name":"Parallel Computing and Optimization Techniques","score":0.9951000213623047,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1708","display_name":"Hardware and Architecture"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7118776440620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/acceleration","display_name":"Acceleration","score":0.6765965223312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hardware-acceleration","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","score":0.6753772497177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.46542543172836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.3590548634529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.35428690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.33797428011894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.32654401659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.22020843625068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.09271678328514099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7118776440620422},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C117896860","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11376","display_name":"Acceleration","level":2,"score":0.6765965223312378},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13164978","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q600158","display_name":"Hardware acceleration","level":3,"score":0.6753772497177124},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.46542543172836304},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.3590548634529114},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.35428690910339355},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.33797428011894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.32654401659965515},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.22020843625068665},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.09271678328514099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C74650414","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11397","display_name":"Classical mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn48652.2020.1570611009","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2020 16th International Conference on the Design of Reliable Communication Networks DRCN 2020","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:art.torvergata.it:2108/249348","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/document/9089387","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400993","display_name":"Cineca Institutional Research Information System (Tor Vergata University)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","host_organization_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Industry, innovation and infrastructure","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/9","score":0.6100000143051147}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":54,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W192446467","https://openalex.org/W1642392512","https://openalex.org/W1846089106","https://openalex.org/W1979866793","https://openalex.org/W1992479210","https://openalex.org/W1993629015","https://openalex.org/W2000832815","https://openalex.org/W2003250112","https://openalex.org/W2008503861","https://openalex.org/W2040882418","https://openalex.org/W2052206669","https://openalex.org/W2067740651","https://openalex.org/W2072566279","https://openalex.org/W2072811945","https://openalex.org/W2075854425","https://openalex.org/W2130531694","https://openalex.org/W2136349230","https://openalex.org/W2156580773","https://openalex.org/W2173966303","https://openalex.org/W2182688186","https://openalex.org/W2286264920","https://openalex.org/W2341655714","https://openalex.org/W2498764059","https://openalex.org/W2576670572","https://openalex.org/W2604553456","https://openalex.org/W2610284734","https://openalex.org/W2769986458","https://openalex.org/W2798534715","https://openalex.org/W2848054032","https://openalex.org/W2885736510","https://openalex.org/W2887424871","https://openalex.org/W2903538278","https://openalex.org/W2944456270","https://openalex.org/W2968960128","https://openalex.org/W2981520204","https://openalex.org/W3006161684","https://openalex.org/W3028504644","https://openalex.org/W3083050090","https://openalex.org/W3102982213","https://openalex.org/W3137220996","https://openalex.org/W4238465620","https://openalex.org/W4302339081","https://openalex.org/W6607881844","https://openalex.org/W6636979655","https://openalex.org/W6638885088","https://openalex.org/W6648576785","https://openalex.org/W6648798326","https://openalex.org/W6682904396","https://openalex.org/W6686169942","https://openalex.org/W6732154415","https://openalex.org/W6750782330","https://openalex.org/W6753122053","https://openalex.org/W6753747084","https://openalex.org/W6756512173"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2390829436","https://openalex.org/W1989791859","https://openalex.org/W2565094479","https://openalex.org/W602859758","https://openalex.org/W2006439817","https://openalex.org/W1971289376","https://openalex.org/W2379101322","https://openalex.org/W2146872326","https://openalex.org/W3152699334","https://openalex.org/W2390254310"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Modern":[0],"network":[1,63],"infrastructures":[2],"rich":[3],"of":[4,107],"logically":[5],"centralized":[6],"agents,":[7,14],"such":[8],"as":[9,39,49,70],"DHCP,":[10],"AAA,":[11],"SDN":[12],"controller":[13],"need":[15],"to":[16,21,28,67],"use":[17],"redundancy":[18],"in":[19,65],"order":[20,66],"guarantee":[22],"high":[23],"availability":[24],"and":[25,80,99],"consensus":[26,33,69,97],"protocols":[27,98],"have":[29],"strong":[30],"consistency.":[31],"Unfortunately,":[32],"protocols,":[34],"which":[35],"are":[36,46],"traditionally":[37],"deployed":[38],"application-layer":[40],"services":[41],"running":[42],"on":[43],"end-to-end":[44],"servers,":[45],"often":[47],"recognized":[48],"system":[50],"performance":[51],"bottlenecks.":[52],"In":[53],"this":[54],"paper,":[55],"we":[56],"present":[57],"a":[58,92,101,112],"possible":[59],"solution":[60],"leveraging":[61],"programmable":[62,85],"hardware":[64],"offer":[68],"service":[71],"for":[72,95],"the":[73,82,105,108],"application,":[74],"thus":[75],"reducing":[76],"occupied":[77],"server":[78],"resources":[79],"accelerating":[81],"protocol":[83,110],"with":[84,111],"hardware.":[86],"This":[87],"is":[88],"obtained":[89],"by":[90],"defining":[91],"high-level":[93],"abstraction":[94],"describing":[96],"conducting":[100],"feasibility":[102],"study":[103],"through":[104],"implementation":[106],"Paxos":[109],"SmartNIC.":[113]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-10T16:38:18.471706","created_date":"2020-05-21T00:00:00"}