{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1492113353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","title":"A theory for setting the \"safety margin\" on availability guarantees in an SLA","display_name":"A theory for setting the \"safety margin\" on availability guarantees in an SLA","publication_year":2006,"publication_date":"2006-01-05","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1492113353","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","mag":"1492113353"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"DRCN 2005). Proceedings.5th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100520157","display_name":"Ling Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9508-4950"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","display_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/02x681a42","country_code":"CH","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I2799323385","https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}],"countries":["CH"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ling Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dubendorf, Switzerland"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Testing and Research, Dubendorf, Switzerland","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087988640","display_name":"W.D. Grover","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154425047","display_name":"University of Alberta","ror":"https://ror.org/0160cpw27","country_code":"CA","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}],"countries":["CA"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"W.D. Grover","raw_affiliation_strings":["Telecommunication Research Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Telecommunication Research Laboratory, University of Alberta, Edmonton, AB, Canada","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154425047"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5100520157"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.8145,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":27,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94048541,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"403","last_page":"409"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10974","display_name":"Advanced Queuing Theory Analysis","score":0.9965999722480774,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1404","display_name":"Management Information Systems"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/14","display_name":"Business, Management and Accounting"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10780","display_name":"Reliability and Maintenance Optimization","score":0.9941999912261963,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2213","display_name":"Safety, Risk, Reliability and Quality"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10138","display_name":"Network Traffic and Congestion Control","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/unavailability","display_name":"Unavailability","score":0.8938316702842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/downtime","display_name":"Downtime","score":0.6583664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6380141377449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/term","display_name":"Term (time)","score":0.5739524364471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operator","display_name":"Operator (biology)","score":0.5583168864250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-provider","display_name":"Service provider","score":0.5575376152992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service","display_name":"Service (business)","score":0.4657704532146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operations-research","display_name":"Operations research","score":0.4603964686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-level-agreement","display_name":"Service-level agreement","score":0.4538189470767975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/service-quality","display_name":"Service quality","score":0.4216567277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/axiom","display_name":"Axiom","score":0.4125220775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality-of-service","display_name":"Quality of service","score":0.37363946437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reliability-engineering","display_name":"Reliability engineering","score":0.30704790353775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/business","display_name":"Business","score":0.25256311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.2209310233592987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/marketing","display_name":"Marketing","score":0.1810002326965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.13004723191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.12540188431739807}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780505938","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17093282","display_name":"Unavailability","level":2,"score":0.8938316702842712},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180591934","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1253369","display_name":"Downtime","level":2,"score":0.6583664417266846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6380141377449036},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C61797465","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1188986","display_name":"Term (time)","level":2,"score":0.5739524364471436},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17020691","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q139677","display_name":"Operator (biology)","level":5,"score":0.5583168864250183},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C116537","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2169973","display_name":"Service provider","level":3,"score":0.5575376152992249},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780378061","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25351891","display_name":"Service (business)","level":2,"score":0.4657704532146454},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42475967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q194292","display_name":"Operations research","level":1,"score":0.4603964686393738},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778160497","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q869830","display_name":"Service-level agreement","level":3,"score":0.4538189470767975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C140781008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1221081","display_name":"Service quality","level":3,"score":0.4216567277908325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C167729594","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q17736","display_name":"Axiom","level":2,"score":0.4125220775604248},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C5119721","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q220501","display_name":"Quality of service","level":2,"score":0.37363946437835693},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C200601418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2193887","display_name":"Reliability engineering","level":1,"score":0.30704790353775024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144133560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4830453","display_name":"Business","level":0,"score":0.25256311893463135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.2209310233592987},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162853370","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q39809","display_name":"Marketing","level":1,"score":0.1810002326965332},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.13004723191261292},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.12540188431739807},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158448853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q425218","display_name":"Repressor","level":4,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86339819","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q407384","display_name":"Transcription factor","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drcn.2005.1563899","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"DRCN 2005). Proceedings.5th International Workshop on Design of Reliable Communication Networks, 2005.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:dora:empa_9781","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://www.dora.lib4ri.ch/empa/islandora/object/empa%3A9781","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306401298","display_name":"DORA Empa (Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology (Empa))","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I71824836","host_organization_name":"Swiss Federal Laboratories for Materials Science and Technology","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I71824836"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":11,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W636846086","https://openalex.org/W1492138970","https://openalex.org/W1585050021","https://openalex.org/W1989144317","https://openalex.org/W1998514457","https://openalex.org/W2030653642","https://openalex.org/W2098143839","https://openalex.org/W2314419760","https://openalex.org/W2616049901","https://openalex.org/W2793269239","https://openalex.org/W4206027559"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2519114609","https://openalex.org/W2891676548","https://openalex.org/W2479186422","https://openalex.org/W3184570916","https://openalex.org/W2157750074","https://openalex.org/W1797105837","https://openalex.org/W2005627235","https://openalex.org/W3048426706","https://openalex.org/W2747515723","https://openalex.org/W3011778954"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0,172,187],"Service":[1,17],"Level":[2],"Agreement":[3],"(SLA)":[4],"is":[5,43,53,132,175,190],"a":[6,57,83,93,118,134,147,152],"contract":[7,32],"between":[8],"provider":[9],"and":[10,45,109,169],"customer":[11,42,94,148],"that":[12,56,158],"stipulates":[13],"certain":[14],"Quality":[15],"of":[16,21,73],"guarantees.":[18],"One":[19],"parameter":[20],"an":[22],"SLA":[23,184],"can":[24,137],"be":[25,114,202],"the":[26,31,35,39,41,46,69,74,87,100,110,122,130,145,194,197],"maximum":[27],"downtime":[28],"guaranteed":[29],"over":[30,151],"time.":[33],"If":[34],"actual":[36],"outage":[37,89,120],"exceeds":[38],"guarantee,":[40],"unhappy":[44],"operator":[47,59,136],"may":[48,124,149],"bear":[49],"financial":[50],"penalties.":[51],"It":[52],"important":[54],"therefore":[55],"network":[58,135],"not":[60],"only":[61],"have":[62],"some":[63,78],"way":[64],"to":[65,92,178,192,201],"estimate":[66],"or":[67,116],"calculate":[68],"theoretical":[70],"long-term":[71],"availability":[72,112,146,163],"services":[75],"offered,":[76],"but":[77],"basis":[79],"for":[80,183],"also":[81],"determining":[82],"safety":[84,142],"factor":[85],"on":[86,95,144,167],"total":[88],"time":[90],"promised":[91],"any":[96],"finite-term":[97,153],"contract.":[98,154],"As":[99],"period":[101],"gets":[102],"shorter,":[103],"either":[104],"nothing":[105],"will":[106,113],"go":[107],"wrong":[108],"effective":[111],"perfect":[115],"if":[117],"single":[119],"occurs,":[121],"unavailability":[123],"seem":[125],"very":[126],"bad.":[127],"More":[128],"generally,":[129],"question":[131],"how":[133],"build":[138],"in":[139],"theoretically":[140],"justified":[141],"factors":[143],"experience":[150,168],"We":[155],"are":[156],"told":[157],"most":[159],"service":[160],"providers":[161],"give":[162],"guarantees":[164],"based":[165],"empirically":[166],"historical":[170],"statistics.":[171],"simple":[173],"theory":[174,195],"thus":[176],"proposed":[177],"help":[179],"refine":[180],"these":[181],"methods":[182],"policy":[185],"setting.":[186],"simulation":[188],"study":[189],"implemented":[191],"verify":[193],"within":[196],"axioms":[198],"it":[199],"assumes":[200],"true.":[203]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":5}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
