{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4385192251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016","title":"W-band fully passivated AlN/GaN HEMT device with 56% power-added efficiency and 780 mW/mm output power density at 94 GHz","display_name":"W-band fully passivated AlN/GaN HEMT device with 56% power-added efficiency and 780 mW/mm output power density at 94 GHz","publication_year":2023,"publication_date":"2023-06-25","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4385192251","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048556781","display_name":"F. Erdem Arkun","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6511-9828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"F. Erdem Arkun","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5109859943","display_name":"Dan Denninghoff","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Dan Denninghoff","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104147092","display_name":"Haidang Tran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Haidang Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092528781","display_name":"Ryan Tran","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Tran","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5033435194","display_name":"Nicholas C. Miller","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5755-769X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1280414376","display_name":"United States Air Force Research Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/02e2egq70","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210090800","display_name":"Sensors (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/00b4mz884","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210090800"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4388482655","display_name":"U.S. Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate","ror":"https://ror.org/054yf8v46","country_code":null,"type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I1330347796","https://openalex.org/I4210102105","https://openalex.org/I4388482655","https://openalex.org/I4389425425"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nicholas C. Miller","raw_affiliation_strings":["Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate,OH,USA,45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Air Force Research Laboratory Sensors Directorate,OH,USA,45433","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1280414376","https://openalex.org/I4210090800","https://openalex.org/I4388482655"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084245071","display_name":"Michael Elliott","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2519-4871"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Michael Elliott","raw_affiliation_strings":["SelectTech Services,OH,USA,45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SelectTech Services,OH,USA,45433","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019269276","display_name":"Ryan Gilbert","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0001-0902-8099"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ryan Gilbert","raw_affiliation_strings":["SelectTech Services,OH,USA,45433"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"SelectTech Services,OH,USA,45433","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5019038490","display_name":"I. Milosavljevic","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ivan Milosavljevic","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5114162968","display_name":"Georges Siddiqi","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Georges Siddiqi","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5004304234","display_name":"Micha N. Fireman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2281-2221"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Micha Fireman","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5065111792","display_name":"A. Corrion","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrea L. Corrion","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010376579","display_name":"David Fanning","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"David Fanning","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083514519","display_name":"Christi Peterson","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Christi Peterson","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5092528780","display_name":"Ariel Getter","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ariel Getter","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5087579713","display_name":"Andrew Clapper","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4158-4116"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I200576644","display_name":"HRL Laboratories (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/05p7te762","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Andrew Clapper","raw_affiliation_strings":["HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"HRL Laboratories,Malibu,CA,USA,90265","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I200576644"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":4.873,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.95066991,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":94,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10099","display_name":"GaN-based semiconductor devices and materials","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3104","display_name":"Condensed Matter Physics"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/31","display_name":"Physics and Astronomy"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10187","display_name":"Radio Frequency Integrated Circuit Design","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11160","display_name":"Acoustic Wave Resonator Technologies","score":0.9994999766349792,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2204","display_name":"Biomedical Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/high-electron-mobility-transistor","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","score":0.7242265939712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transconductance","display_name":"Transconductance","score":0.6809508800506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/passivation","display_name":"Passivation","score":0.4271514415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.4161534905433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.4109314978122711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4064866900444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.36224913597106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/topology","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","score":0.3254847526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transistor","display_name":"Transistor","score":0.3066354990005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.13017791509628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.09176436066627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.08152410387992859}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162057924","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1617706","display_name":"High-electron-mobility transistor","level":4,"score":0.7242265939712524},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779283907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1632964","display_name":"Transconductance","level":4,"score":0.6809508800506592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33574316","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q917260","display_name":"Passivation","level":3,"score":0.4271514415740967},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.4161534905433655},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.4109314978122711},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4064866900444031},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.36224913597106934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184720557","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7825049","display_name":"Topology (electrical circuits)","level":2,"score":0.3254847526550293},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C172385210","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5339","display_name":"Transistor","level":3,"score":0.3066354990005493},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.13017791509628296},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.09176436066627502},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.08152410387992859},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779227376","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6505497","display_name":"Layer (electronics)","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc58590.2023.10187016","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2023 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8799999952316284,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","display_name":"Affordable and clean energy"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G4921346261","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"HR0011-19-C-0006","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","funder_display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320332180","display_name":"Defense Advanced Research Projects Agency","ror":"https://ror.org/02caytj08"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":5,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W321215454","https://openalex.org/W2032262202","https://openalex.org/W2036447248","https://openalex.org/W2318871569","https://openalex.org/W4312906541"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3063337879","https://openalex.org/W3158277807","https://openalex.org/W1964679965","https://openalex.org/W2249766267","https://openalex.org/W2102640583","https://openalex.org/W2389330181","https://openalex.org/W2066729282","https://openalex.org/W3126073919","https://openalex.org/W1902923516","https://openalex.org/W2030723586"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"We":[0],"report":[1],"on":[2],"deeply":[3],"scaled":[4],"AlN/GaN":[5],"HEMTs":[6],"demonstrating":[7],"power":[8,18,113],"added":[9],"efficiency":[10,25],"(PAE)":[11],"of":[12,63,71,79,114,126,129],"56%":[13],"and":[14,37,51,74,92,132],"780":[15],"mW/mm":[16],"output":[17],"at":[19,26,117],"94":[20,118],"GHz.":[21,119],"This":[22,120],"high":[23],"transistor":[24],"W-band":[27],"is":[28,105,133],"enabled":[29],"by":[30,38],"in-situ":[31],"SiN":[32],"passivation,":[33],"a":[34,59,75,86,127],"40-nm":[35],"T-gate,":[36],"scaling":[39],"the":[40],"source-to-drain":[41,49],"length":[42,50],"to$0.23\\":[43],"\\mu":[44],"\\mathrm{m}$using":[45],"electron-beam":[46],"lithography.":[47],"Scaled":[48],"regrown":[52],"n+":[53],"GaN":[54],"ohmic":[55],"contacts":[56],"result":[57],"in":[58],"HEMT":[60],"on-resistance":[61],"($R_{on}$)":[62],"0.35":[64],"ohm-mm,":[65],"maximum":[66,95],"drain":[67],"current":[68,138],"($I_{d,":[69],"max}$)":[70],"2.3":[72],"A/mm,":[73],"peak":[76],"transconductance":[77],"($g_{mp}$)":[78],"1.2":[80],"S/mm.":[81],"Small-signal":[82],"RF":[83],"measurements":[84],"show":[85],"231":[87],"GHz":[88,94],"cut-off":[89],"frequency":[90,97],"($f_{T}$)":[91],"503":[93],"oscillation":[96],"($f_{max}$).":[98],"Large-signal":[99],"load-pull":[100],"characterization":[101],"shows":[102],"that":[103],"PAE":[104],"maintained":[106],"above":[107],"46%":[108],"with":[109,136],"an":[110],"associated":[111],"saturated":[112],"3.1":[115],"W/mm":[116],"new":[121],"T3.5":[122],"technology":[123],"enables":[124],"fabrication":[125],"continuum":[128],"device":[130],"geometries":[131],"backwards":[134],"compatible":[135],"HRL's":[137],"T3":[139],"foundry":[140],"node.":[141]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}