{"id":"https://openalex.org/W4292348067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808","title":"Pulsed Current-Voltage Protocol to Reveal Polarization-Continuation in Ferroelectric Memory: Implications for Partial State Storage","display_name":"Pulsed Current-Voltage Protocol to Reveal Polarization-Continuation in Ferroelectric Memory: Implications for Partial State Storage","publication_year":2022,"publication_date":"2022-06-26","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W4292348067","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032541391","display_name":"Mir Muntasir Hossain","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mir Muntasir Hossain","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062654463","display_name":"Pratyush Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-3100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratyush Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5016621673","display_name":"Akif Aabrar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Akif Aabrar","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034642027","display_name":"Karla Gonzalez Serrano","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karla Gonzalez Serrano","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":null,"display_name":"Ted Moise","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ted Moise","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103883776","display_name":"John Rodriguez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"John Rodriguez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5003811735","display_name":"Krishna Udayakumar","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-8954-4343"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I74760111","display_name":"Texas Instruments (United States)","ror":"https://ror.org/03vsmv677","country_code":"US","type":"company","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"K. R. Udayakumar","raw_affiliation_strings":["Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Texas Instruments Incorporated,Dallas,TX,USA,75243","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I74760111"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036105393","display_name":"Suman Datta","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6044-5173"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Suman Datta","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053232492","display_name":"Alan Seabaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-4129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan Seabaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Dept. of Electrical Engineering,Notre Dame,IN,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.413,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":1,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.47631008,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":"9","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"2"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9991000294685364,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectricity","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","score":0.6683204770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.6152366399765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.5344018340110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.5292790532112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.49117252230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/non-volatile-memory","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","score":0.4569632411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/switching-time","display_name":"Switching time","score":0.4372609257698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/amplitude","display_name":"Amplitude","score":0.4327964782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse-amplitude-modulation","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","score":0.4198077619075775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanosecond","display_name":"Nanosecond","score":0.4134073257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4017045497894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.39540866017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.3607909679412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/physics","display_name":"Physics","score":0.31459808349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pulse","display_name":"Pulse (music)","score":0.24955260753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optics","display_name":"Optics","score":0.20205053687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.19300490617752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.10616880655288696}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.6683204770088196},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.6152366399765015},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.5344018340110779},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.5292790532112122},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.49117252230644226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177950962","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10997658","display_name":"Non-volatile memory","level":2,"score":0.4569632411003113},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199310435","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7659121","display_name":"Switching time","level":2,"score":0.4372609257698059},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180205008","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q159190","display_name":"Amplitude","level":2,"score":0.4327964782714844},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C20518276","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q186130","display_name":"Pulse-amplitude modulation","level":4,"score":0.4198077619075775},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C51141536","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q838801","display_name":"Nanosecond","level":3,"score":0.4134073257446289},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4017045497894287},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.39540866017341614},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.3607909679412842},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.31459808349609375},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780167933","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1550652","display_name":"Pulse (music)","level":3,"score":0.24955260753631592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.20205053687095642},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.19300490617752075},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.10616880655288696},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C520434653","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q38867","display_name":"Laser","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc55272.2022.9855808","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2022 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Affordable and clean energy","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/7","score":0.7599999904632568}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":3,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2893931540","https://openalex.org/W3021675401","https://openalex.org/W3081306163"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2166508075","https://openalex.org/W4376612721","https://openalex.org/W2036705504","https://openalex.org/W2370636337","https://openalex.org/W2334227872","https://openalex.org/W2010230964","https://openalex.org/W2807885415","https://openalex.org/W4233234866","https://openalex.org/W2078067390","https://openalex.org/W2149380925"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Analog":[0],"weight":[1],"storage":[2],"in":[3,17,25,61,168],"polycrystalline":[4],"hafnium":[5],"zirconate,":[6],"HfZrO4,":[7],"(HZO)":[8],"ferroelectric":[9,19],"capacitors":[10],"has":[11,84,155],"been":[12,85,156],"widely":[13],"explored":[14],"for":[15],"use":[16],"two-terminal":[18],"(Fe)":[20],"memory":[21,30],"[e.g.":[22],"1\u20133].":[23],"Read-out":[24],"commercial":[26],"Fe":[27,125],"random":[28],"access":[29],"(FRAM)":[31],"is":[32,38,52,96],"destructive;":[33],"the":[34,42,70,80,105,124,130,136,142,149,164,181,197,200,207,212,220,237],"polarization":[35,137,217],"switching":[36,76,94],"current":[37,159,213],"sensed":[39],"to":[40,54,68,87,121,134,138,176,196,206,227,236],"read":[41],"charge":[43],"state,":[44],"followed":[45],"by":[46],"a":[47,56,146,190],"data":[48,210],"restore":[49],"[4].":[50],"It":[51,154],"desirable":[53],"realize":[55],"nondestructive":[57],"resistive":[58],"read,":[59],"and":[60,119,152,223],"this":[62,92,186],"paper":[63,187],"we":[64,188],"utilize":[65],"pulsed":[66],"measurements":[67],"obtain":[69],"transient":[71,201,214],"current-voltage":[72],"(I-V)":[73],"characteristic":[74],"at":[75,89,129,203,231],"speeds":[77,91,204,233],"commensurate":[78],"with":[79,115,162,216],"memory.":[81],"While":[82],"HZO":[83,169],"shown":[86,157],"switch":[88],"sub-ns":[90],"short":[93],"speed":[95],"achieved":[97],"using":[98],"pulse":[99,150,182,192,232],"voltages":[100,132],"more":[101],"than":[102],"4":[103],"times":[104],"coercive":[106],"voltage":[107],"(8.7":[108],"V,":[109],"10ns,":[110],"10":[111],"nm":[112],"HZO),":[113],"i.e.":[114],"enough":[116],"field":[117],"strength":[118],"duration":[120],"fully":[122],"polarize":[123],"[5].":[126],"In":[127,185],"contrast,":[128],"lower":[131],"used":[133,226],"set":[135],"an":[139],"intermediate":[140],"value,":[141],"settling":[143],"time":[144],"becomes":[145],"function":[147],"of":[148,199,234],"amplitude":[151],"sequence.":[153],"that":[158],"transients":[160],"associated":[161,215],"setting":[163],"partially":[165],"polarized":[166],"state":[167],"can":[170,224],"be":[171,225],"surprisingly":[172],"long,":[173],"even":[174],"up":[175],"1":[177],"s,":[178],"depending":[179],"on":[180],"sequence":[183],"[6].":[184],"present":[189],"new":[191],"measurement":[193],"protocol":[194],"applied":[195],"characterization":[198],"I-V":[202],"specific":[205],"application.":[208],"This":[209],"reveals":[211],"continuation":[218],"after":[219],"slew":[221],"interval":[222],"validate":[228],"SPICE":[229],"models":[230],"interest":[235],"design.":[238]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
