{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3013408785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","title":"Process Dependent Switching Dynamics of Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconate","display_name":"Process Dependent Switching Dynamics of Ferroelectric Hafnium Zirconate","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-06-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3013408785","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","mag":"3013408785"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062654463","display_name":"Pratyush Pandey","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9368-3100"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pratyush Pandey","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032419942","display_name":"Cristobal Alessandri","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2527-5292"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Cristobal Alessandri","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053232492","display_name":"Alan Seabaugh","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6907-4129"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I107639228","display_name":"University of Notre Dame","ror":"https://ror.org/00mkhxb43","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Alan C. Seabaugh","raw_affiliation_strings":["University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame,Notre Dame,Indiana,USA,46556","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"University of Notre Dame, Notre Dame, Indiana, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I107639228"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.593,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.83810773,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":93,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"49","last_page":"50"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12808","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Negative Capacitance Devices","score":1.0,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9983999729156494,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10107","display_name":"Ferroelectric and Piezoelectric Materials","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2505","display_name":"Materials Chemistry"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/25","display_name":"Materials Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/materials-science","display_name":"Materials science","score":0.691941499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/hafnium","display_name":"Hafnium","score":0.6351919174194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/capacitor","display_name":"Capacitor","score":0.6195692420005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/atomic-layer-deposition","display_name":"Atomic layer deposition","score":0.6126663684844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tin","display_name":"Tin","score":0.5578542351722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/polarization","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","score":0.5099576711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ferroelectricity","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","score":0.5064376592636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/optoelectronics","display_name":"Optoelectronics","score":0.4863772690296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/analytical-chemistry","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","score":0.4064774513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/voltage","display_name":"Voltage","score":0.35865265130996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/zirconium","display_name":"Zirconium","score":0.31278374791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/thin-film","display_name":"Thin film","score":0.29380738735198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dielectric","display_name":"Dielectric","score":0.26812246441841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/nanotechnology","display_name":"Nanotechnology","score":0.2053312063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/chemistry","display_name":"Chemistry","score":0.1584792137145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/electrical-engineering","display_name":"Electrical engineering","score":0.1200985312461853}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192562407","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q228736","display_name":"Materials science","level":0,"score":0.691941499710083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C546638069","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1119","display_name":"Hafnium","level":3,"score":0.6351919174194336},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52192207","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5322","display_name":"Capacitor","level":3,"score":0.6195692420005798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C69544855","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q757625","display_name":"Atomic layer deposition","level":3,"score":0.6126663684844971},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C525849907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1096","display_name":"Tin","level":2,"score":0.5578542351722717},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205049153","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2698605","display_name":"Polarization (electrochemistry)","level":2,"score":0.5099576711654663},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C79090758","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1045739","display_name":"Ferroelectricity","level":3,"score":0.5064376592636108},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C49040817","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193091","display_name":"Optoelectronics","level":1,"score":0.4863772690296173},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113196181","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q485223","display_name":"Analytical Chemistry (journal)","level":2,"score":0.4064774513244629},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165801399","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q25428","display_name":"Voltage","level":2,"score":0.35865265130996704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C534791751","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1038","display_name":"Zirconium","level":2,"score":0.31278374791145325},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C19067145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1137203","display_name":"Thin film","level":2,"score":0.29380738735198975},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C133386390","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184996","display_name":"Dielectric","level":2,"score":0.26812246441841125},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C171250308","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11468","display_name":"Nanotechnology","level":1,"score":0.2053312063217163},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.1584792137145996},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119599485","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q43035","display_name":"Electrical engineering","level":1,"score":0.1200985312461853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147789679","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11372","display_name":"Physical chemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C191897082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11467","display_name":"Metallurgy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/drc46940.2019.9046408","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Device Research Conference (DRC)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":4,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2734847488","https://openalex.org/W2745045259","https://openalex.org/W2893814120","https://openalex.org/W2893931540"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2099851698","https://openalex.org/W2027585877","https://openalex.org/W2378316091","https://openalex.org/W2385573488","https://openalex.org/W1905296800","https://openalex.org/W2057287011","https://openalex.org/W3096772672","https://openalex.org/W4205110898","https://openalex.org/W2364376105","https://openalex.org/W1964313734"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,249,284],"CMOS-compatible":[1],"ferroelectrics":[2],"(FE)":[3],"based":[4],"on":[5,22,33,292],"HfO2are":[6],"being":[7],"widely":[8],"explored":[9],"for":[10,52,199],"emerging":[11],"memory,":[12],"logic,":[13],"and":[14,78,88,102,148,170,185,196,226,235,299],"neuromorphic":[15],"devices":[16],"[1].":[17],"While":[18],"the":[19,23,27,39,54,68,72,112,130,133,236,256,262,293,296,300],"applications":[20],"hinge":[21],"dynamic":[24],"switching":[25,75,86,116,134,272,285,302],"of":[26,38,58,67,114,132,136,193,269,288],"FE,":[28],"process":[29],"optimization":[30],"often":[31],"relies":[32],"information":[34,82],"obtained":[35,208,250],"from":[36,95,220,229],"measurement":[37],"quasi-static":[40],"polarization-field":[41],"(P-E)":[42],"hysteresis":[43],"loops":[44],"[2].":[45],"We":[46],"have":[47],"recently":[48],"been":[49,108],"refining":[50],"methods":[51],"characterizing":[53],"polarization":[55,96],"reversal":[56,97,205],"dynamics":[57,117,135],"polycrystalline":[59],"FEs,":[60],"such":[61,83],"as":[62,84],"Hafnium":[63],"Zirconate":[64],"(HZO).":[65],"Because":[66],"close":[69],"agreement":[70],"between":[71],"nucleation":[73],"limited":[74],"(NLS)":[76],"model":[77,258],"measurements,":[79],"detailed":[80],"physical":[81],"minimum":[85,301],"time":[87,286,303],"activation":[89,277,297],"field":[90],"distributions":[91],"can":[92],"be":[93,267],"extracted":[94],"measurements":[98],"vs.":[99,145],"pulse":[100,217,227],"amplitude":[101],"duration":[103],"[3].":[104],"This":[105],"characterization":[106],"has":[107],"successfully":[109],"applied":[110,294],"to":[111,128,213,223,232,266,280],"prediction":[113],"FE":[115,137,239,263,273],"under":[118],"arbitrary":[119],"voltage":[120,211],"waveforms":[121],"[4].":[122],"Here,":[123],"we":[124],"utilize":[125],"this":[126],"method":[127],"study":[129],"dependence":[131],"HZO":[138,179,264],"formed":[139],"by":[140,162,209],"atomic":[141],"layer":[142],"deposition":[143,150,190],"(ALD)":[144],"electrode":[146],"metal":[147],"post":[149,189],"anneal":[151,191],"temperature.":[152],"Symmetrical":[153],"metal/HZO/metal":[154],"capacitors":[155],"having":[156,188],"25":[157],"gm":[158],"radius":[159],"were":[160,207,252],"fabricated":[161],"optical":[163],"lithography,":[164],"with":[165,183,216,275],"sputtered":[166],"100":[167],"nm":[168,175],"TiN":[169],"W":[171],"top/bottom":[172],"electrodes,":[173],"10":[174],"Plasma":[176],"Enhanced":[177],"ALD":[178],"at":[180],"300":[181],"\u00b0C":[182,198],"TDMAH":[184],"TDMAZ":[186],"precursors,":[187],"temperatures":[192],"400,":[194],"500,":[195],"600":[197],"30":[200],"sec":[201],"in":[202],"N2.":[203],"Polarization":[204],"curves":[206,251],"applying":[210],"pulses":[212],"these":[214],"capacitors,":[215],"widths":[218],"ranging":[219],"200":[221],"ns":[222],"1":[224],"ms,":[225],"amplitudes":[228],"0.1":[230],"V":[231],"2.5":[233],"V,":[234],"nonvolatile":[237],"switched":[238],"charge":[240],"was":[241],"measured":[242],"using":[243,255],"a":[244,281],"unipolar":[245],"double":[246],"triangular":[247],"waveform.":[248],"then":[253],"fitted":[254],"NLS":[257],"[3],":[259],"which":[260],"considers":[261],"film":[265],"comprised":[268],"many":[270],"independently":[271],"grains":[274],"different":[276],"fields":[278],"belonging":[279],"distribution":[282],"function.":[283],"constant":[287],"each":[289],"grain":[290],"depends":[291],"field,":[295,298],"constant.":[304]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-29T14:22:42.915294","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
