{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2032637970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","title":"The effect of learning mechanism in Variables Neighborhood Search","display_name":"The effect of learning mechanism in Variables Neighborhood Search","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-09-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2032637970","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","mag":"2032637970"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 4th Conference on Data Mining and Optimization (DMO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009192812","display_name":"Rafidah Abdul Aziz","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3794-625X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Rafidah Abdul Aziz","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011296289","display_name":"Masri Ayob","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5157-7921"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Masri Ayob","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5068386927","display_name":"Zalinda Othman","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9142-3612"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I885383172","display_name":"National University of Malaysia","ror":"https://ror.org/00bw8d226","country_code":"MY","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}],"countries":["MY"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zalinda Othman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Data Mining & Optimization Research Group, Centre of Artificial Intelligence Technology, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia 43600 UKM Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5009192812"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I885383172"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.14605217,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"109","last_page":"113"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12401","display_name":"Scheduling and Timetabling Solutions","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1803","display_name":"Management Science and Operations Research"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/18","display_name":"Decision Sciences"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10100","display_name":"Metaheuristic Optimization Algorithms Research","score":0.9937999844551086,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11596","display_name":"Constraint Satisfaction and Optimization","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable-neighborhood-search","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","score":0.7705501317977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6706356406211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/constraint","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","score":0.6218116283416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/variable","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","score":0.5665633678436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5610322952270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5386796593666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mechanism","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","score":0.5004196166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/task","display_name":"Task (project management)","score":0.4493279755115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-search","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","score":0.4488829970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.44052520394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/space","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","score":0.43557021021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematical-optimization","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","score":0.4259568452835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/quality","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","score":0.4219118654727936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.2258019745349884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metaheuristic","display_name":"Metaheuristic","score":0.19825679063796997}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776435737","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7915703","display_name":"Variable neighborhood search","level":3,"score":0.7705501317977905},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6706356406211853},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776036281","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q48769818","display_name":"Constraint (computer-aided design)","level":2,"score":0.6218116283416748},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C182365436","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q50701","display_name":"Variable (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5665633678436279},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5610322952270508},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5386796593666077},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C89611455","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6804646","display_name":"Mechanism (biology)","level":2,"score":0.5004196166992188},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780451532","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q759676","display_name":"Task (project management)","level":2,"score":0.4493279755115509},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C135320971","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868524","display_name":"Local search (optimization)","level":2,"score":0.4488829970359802},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.44052520394325256},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778572836","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q380933","display_name":"Space (punctuation)","level":2,"score":0.43557021021842957},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126255220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141495","display_name":"Mathematical optimization","level":1,"score":0.4259568452835083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779530757","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1207505","display_name":"Quality (philosophy)","level":2,"score":0.4219118654727936},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.2258019745349884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C109718341","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1385229","display_name":"Metaheuristic","level":2,"score":0.19825679063796997},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C162324750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8134","display_name":"Economics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111472728","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9471","display_name":"Epistemology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C187736073","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2920921","display_name":"Management","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dmo.2012.6329807","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 4th Conference on Data Mining and Optimization (DMO)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.699999988079071,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":6,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1479913101","https://openalex.org/W1489881420","https://openalex.org/W2069657950","https://openalex.org/W2088243692","https://openalex.org/W2137171262","https://openalex.org/W4246565613"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2006671471","https://openalex.org/W2028764438","https://openalex.org/W2808482843","https://openalex.org/W2921520325","https://openalex.org/W2375184087","https://openalex.org/W1978520433","https://openalex.org/W2056012985","https://openalex.org/W2010334716","https://openalex.org/W2126217127","https://openalex.org/W2556913477"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,90,123],"basic":[1],"idea":[2],"of":[3,16,22,37,112,119,125,140,148,163],"the":[4,14,35,110,117,126,138,141,146,149,161],"Variable":[5,66,75],"Neighborhood":[6,67,76],"Search":[7,68,78],"(VNS)":[8],"algorithm":[9],"is":[10,44,82,128,143],"to":[11,41,53,71,108,115],"systematically":[12],"explore":[13],"neighborhood":[15,24,39,49,95,113],"current":[17],"solution":[18,55],"using":[19],"a":[20,45,61,65,74,86,100,120,165,169],"set":[21],"predefined":[23],"structures.":[25],"Since":[26],"different":[27,31,54],"problem":[28],"instances":[29],"have":[30],"landscape":[32],"and":[33,105,153],"complexity,":[34],"choice":[36],"which":[38,94],"structure":[40,96,114],"be":[42],"applied":[43],"challenging":[46],"task.":[47],"Different":[48],"structures":[50],"may":[51],"lead":[52],"space.":[56],"Therefore,":[57],"this":[58],"work":[59],"proposes":[60],"learning":[62,91,166],"mechanism":[63,92,167],"in":[64,156,168],"(VNS),":[69],"refer":[70],"hereafter":[72],"as":[73],"Guided":[77],"(VNGS).":[79],"Its":[80],"effectiveness":[81,162],"illustrated":[83],"by":[84],"solving":[85],"course":[87,132],"timetabling":[88,133],"problems.":[89],"memorizes":[93],"could":[97],"effectively":[98],"solve":[99],"specific":[101],"soft":[102],"constraint":[103],"violations":[104],"used":[106],"it":[107],"guide":[109],"selection":[111],"enhance":[116],"quality":[118],"best":[121],"solution.":[122],"performance":[124,139],"VNGS":[127,142],"tested":[129],"over":[130],"Socha":[131],"dataset.":[134],"Results":[135],"demonstrate":[136],"that":[137],"comparable":[144],"with":[145],"results":[147],"other":[150],"VNS":[151,170],"variants":[152],"outperformed":[154],"others":[155],"some":[157],"instances.":[158],"This":[159],"demonstrates":[160],"applying":[164],"algorithm.":[171]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}