{"id":"https://openalex.org/W1646477329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","title":"Camouflage of network traffic to resist attack (CONTRA)","display_name":"Camouflage of network traffic to resist attack (CONTRA)","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-03-22","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W1646477329","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","mag":"1646477329"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5064848959","display_name":"William Weinstein","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"W. Weinstein","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., USA","Charles Stark Draper Lab., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Stark Draper Lab., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5038144617","display_name":"Janet A. Lepanto","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343143571","display_name":"Draper Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/04378d909","country_code":"US","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Lepanto","raw_affiliation_strings":["The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., USA","Charles Stark Draper Lab., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA#TAB#"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"The Charles Stark Draper Laboratory, Inc., USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Charles Stark Draper Lab., Inc., Cambridge, MA, USA#TAB#","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5064848959"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343143571"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4635,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":6,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.6976591,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"2","issue":null,"first_page":"126","last_page":"127"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10400","display_name":"Network Security and Intrusion Detection","score":0.9861999750137329,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11896","display_name":"Opportunistic and Delay-Tolerant Networks","score":0.9653000235557556,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10964","display_name":"Wireless Communication Security Techniques","score":0.9617999792098999,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-network","display_name":"Computer network","score":0.8368247747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.758919358253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/network-packet","display_name":"Network packet","score":0.6277800798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/denial-of-service-attack","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","score":0.6031114459037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encryption","display_name":"Encryption","score":0.5138833522796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/host","display_name":"Host (biology)","score":0.4816364347934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/overlay-network","display_name":"Overlay network","score":0.4288023114204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-security","display_name":"Computer security","score":0.3887440264225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distributed-computing","display_name":"Distributed computing","score":0.36255431175231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/the-internet","display_name":"The Internet","score":0.3273813724517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/operating-system","display_name":"Operating system","score":0.09546336531639099}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31258907","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1301371","display_name":"Computer network","level":1,"score":0.8368247747421265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.758919358253479},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C158379750","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q214111","display_name":"Network packet","level":2,"score":0.6277800798416138},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38822068","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131406","display_name":"Denial-of-service attack","level":3,"score":0.6031114459037781},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148730421","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q141090","display_name":"Encryption","level":2,"score":0.5138833522796631},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C126831891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q221673","display_name":"Host (biology)","level":2,"score":0.4816364347934723},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169851745","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1331985","display_name":"Overlay network","level":3,"score":0.4288023114204407},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C38652104","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3510521","display_name":"Computer security","level":1,"score":0.3887440264225006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120314980","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q180634","display_name":"Distributed computing","level":1,"score":0.36255431175231934},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C110875604","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q75","display_name":"The Internet","level":2,"score":0.3273813724517822},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.09546336531639099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C18903297","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7150","display_name":"Ecology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/discex.2003.1194945","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"Proceedings DARPA Information Survivability Conference and Exposition","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.7300000190734863}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":0,"referenced_works":[],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W4386482731","https://openalex.org/W2765763546","https://openalex.org/W4385302085","https://openalex.org/W2360429410","https://openalex.org/W4256682929","https://openalex.org/W335511927","https://openalex.org/W2471811227","https://openalex.org/W2217591390","https://openalex.org/W2039821316","https://openalex.org/W2388081684"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"The":[0,47,71],"CONTRA":[1],"system":[2,29,130],"camouflages":[3,12],"traffic":[4,87,108],"among":[5,149],"a":[6,31,50,105,127,137,142],"set":[7,151],"of":[8,19,27,42,53,73,92,136,152],"collaborating":[9],"hosts,":[10],"and":[11,35,66,78,112,120],"critical":[13],"hosts":[14,99,114],"by":[15],"spreading":[16],"the":[17,43,74,82,90,123,134,147,150],"identity":[18],"each":[20],"across":[21],"multiple":[22],"IP":[23,69,94,118],"addresses.":[24,70],"One":[25],"realization":[26],"this":[28],"comprises":[30],"virtual":[32,75],"network":[33,44,76],"topology":[34,77],"supporting":[36],"protocols":[37,79],"that":[38,100],"operate":[39],"on":[40],"top":[41],"transport":[45],"layer.":[46],"protocol":[48],"employs":[49],"synergistic":[51],"combination":[52],"multipath":[54],"relay":[55,65],"transmissions,":[56],"K-out-of":[57],"N":[58],"message":[59],"encoding,":[60],"packet":[61,64],"encryption,":[62],"heteromorphic":[63],"dynamically":[67],"assignable":[68],"characteristics":[72,131],"together":[80],"impede":[81],"attacker's":[83],"ability":[84,135],"to":[85,96,104,115,121,140],"analyze":[86],"patterns,":[88],"limit":[89],"visibility":[91],"real":[93],"addresses":[95],"those":[97],"cooperating":[98],"are":[101],"topologically":[102],"adjacent":[103],"host":[106],"whose":[107],"is":[109],"being":[110],"monitored,":[111],"allow":[113],"spread":[116],"their":[117],"identities":[119],"modify":[122],"IPs":[124],"associated":[125],"with":[126],"host.":[128],"These":[129],"will":[132],"reduce":[133],"hostile":[138],"entity":[139],"mount":[141],"successful":[143],"denial-of-service":[144],"attack":[145],"against":[146],"operations":[148],"hosts.":[153]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
