{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2996821647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","title":"Runway Detection and Localization in Aerial Images using Deep Learning","display_name":"Runway Detection and Localization in Aerial Images using Deep Learning","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2996821647","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","mag":"2996821647"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5011006400","display_name":"Javeria Akbar","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Javeria Akbar","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5035787368","display_name":"Muhammad Shahzad","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8278-9118"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Shahzad","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103159827","display_name":"Muhammad Imran Malik","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8079-5119"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Muhammad Imran Malik","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5042313787","display_name":"Adnan Ul-Hasan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6126-7137"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adnan Ul-Hasan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5050288636","display_name":"Shafait Fasial","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I929597975","display_name":"National University of Sciences and Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/03w2j5y17","country_code":"PK","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}],"countries":["PK"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fasial Shafait","raw_affiliation_strings":["Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Deep Learning Lab (DLL), National Center of Artificial Intelligence (NCAI), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, National University of Sciences and Technology (NUST), Islamabad, Pakistan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5011006400"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I929597975"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":1.4874,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":33,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.80138811,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":96,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":"2019","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11164","display_name":"Remote Sensing and LiDAR Applications","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2305","display_name":"Environmental Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/23","display_name":"Environmental Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10036","display_name":"Advanced Neural Network Applications","score":0.9976999759674072,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11099","display_name":"Autonomous Vehicle Technology and Safety","score":0.9970999956130981,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2203","display_name":"Automotive Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/runway","display_name":"Runway","score":0.9779070615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7310617566108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/deep-learning","display_name":"Deep learning","score":0.6931326389312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6582561731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-image","display_name":"Aerial image","score":0.6140432953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.6109939813613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/drone","display_name":"Drone","score":0.5100741982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.4795641303062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/intersection","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","score":0.4688875377178192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/aerial-imagery","display_name":"Aerial imagery","score":0.4185492992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.3293662369251251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.3285054564476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.24614545702934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cartography","display_name":"Cartography","score":0.10764232277870178}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C81155309","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q184590","display_name":"Runway","level":2,"score":0.9779070615768433},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7310617566108704},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C108583219","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q197536","display_name":"Deep learning","level":2,"score":0.6931326389312744},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6582561731338501},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776429412","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4688011","display_name":"Aerial image","level":3,"score":0.6140432953834534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.6109939813613892},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C59519942","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q650665","display_name":"Drone","level":2,"score":0.5100741982460022},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.4795641303062439},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C64543145","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q162942","display_name":"Intersection (aeronautics)","level":2,"score":0.4688875377178192},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2987819851","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q191839","display_name":"Aerial imagery","level":2,"score":0.4185492992401123},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.3293662369251251},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.3285054564476013},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.24614545702934265},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C58640448","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q42515","display_name":"Cartography","level":1,"score":0.10764232277870178},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C146978453","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3798668","display_name":"Aerospace engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C54355233","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7162","display_name":"Genetics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta47822.2019.8945889","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"mag:3090290568","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://jglobal.jst.go.jp/en/detail?JGLOBAL_ID=202002244755976671","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306512817","display_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":null,"host_organization_name":null,"host_organization_lineage":[],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"conference"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":null,"is_accepted":false,"is_published":null,"raw_source_name":"IEEE Conference Proceedings","raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","score":0.6000000238418579,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":34,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W48545496","https://openalex.org/W1522054802","https://openalex.org/W1563879614","https://openalex.org/W1686810756","https://openalex.org/W1774004878","https://openalex.org/W1861492603","https://openalex.org/W1921923351","https://openalex.org/W1956326423","https://openalex.org/W1986240417","https://openalex.org/W2026576527","https://openalex.org/W2027282554","https://openalex.org/W2045009083","https://openalex.org/W2051936565","https://openalex.org/W2059915228","https://openalex.org/W2068742603","https://openalex.org/W2104145738","https://openalex.org/W2117539524","https://openalex.org/W2160072137","https://openalex.org/W2194775991","https://openalex.org/W2287952765","https://openalex.org/W2329974666","https://openalex.org/W2469250569","https://openalex.org/W2544449066","https://openalex.org/W2592962403","https://openalex.org/W2626606351","https://openalex.org/W2769756082","https://openalex.org/W2791634589","https://openalex.org/W2896330741","https://openalex.org/W2963150697","https://openalex.org/W2963446712","https://openalex.org/W3103856189","https://openalex.org/W6640178551","https://openalex.org/W6675225528","https://openalex.org/W6729587874"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3097389899","https://openalex.org/W4283696875","https://openalex.org/W3110585990","https://openalex.org/W4385767632","https://openalex.org/W2889866244","https://openalex.org/W2898690910","https://openalex.org/W2784132289","https://openalex.org/W4286697184","https://openalex.org/W2889700547","https://openalex.org/W3034139063"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Landing":[0],"is":[1,100,127,143,160,172],"the":[2,7,27,94,140,165,168,176,186,189,219],"most":[3],"difficult":[4],"phase":[5],"of":[6,16,29,59,93,109,116,124,178,215,229],"flight":[8],"for":[9],"any":[10],"airborne":[11],"platform.":[12],"Due":[13],"to":[14,39,79,82,88,128,174],"lack":[15],"efficient":[17],"systems,":[18],"there":[19],"have":[20,221],"been":[21,210,222],"numerous":[22],"landing":[23,41,84],"accidents":[24],"resulting":[25],"in":[26,61,118,164,180,185],"damage":[28],"onboard":[30],"hardware.":[31],"Vision":[32],"based":[33,101,133,153],"systems":[34],"provides":[35],"low":[36],"cost":[37],"solution":[38],"detect":[40,83],"sites":[42],"by":[43],"providing":[44],"rich":[45],"textual":[46],"information.":[47],"To":[48],"this":[49,51,125],"end,":[50],"research":[52,126],"focuses":[53],"on":[54,102,134],"accurate":[55],"detection":[56,99,131,158,198],"and":[57,111,150,200],"localization":[58,145],"runways":[60,191,220],"aerial":[62,71,169],"images":[63],"with":[64,107,212,224],"untidy":[65],"terrains":[66],"which":[67],"would":[68],"consequently":[69],"help":[70],"platforms":[72],"especially":[73],"Unmanned":[74],"Aerial":[75],"Vehicles":[76],"(commonly":[77],"referred":[78],"as":[80],"Drones)":[81],"targets":[85],"(i.e.,":[86],"runways)":[87],"aid":[89],"automatic":[90],"landing.":[91],"Most":[92],"prior":[95],"work":[96],"regarding":[97],"runway":[98,117,130,144,157,179,207],"simple":[103],"image":[104,170],"processing":[105],"algorithms":[106,199],"lot":[108],"assumptions":[110],"constraints":[112],"about":[113],"precise":[114],"position":[115],"a":[119],"particular":[120,182],"image.":[121,183],"First":[122],"part":[123,142],"develop":[129],"algorithm":[132],"state-of-the-art":[135],"deep":[136,148,203],"learning":[137,149,152,204],"architectures":[138],"while":[139],"second":[141,187],"using":[146,194],"both":[147,195],"non-deep":[151],"methods.":[154],"The":[155,206],"proposed":[156],"approach":[159],"two-stage":[161],"modular":[162],"where":[163],"first":[166],"stage":[167],"classification":[171,208],"achieved":[173,211],"find":[175],"existence":[177],"that":[181],"Later,":[184],"stage,":[188],"identified":[190],"are":[192],"localized":[193,223],"conventional":[196],"line":[197],"more":[201],"recent":[202],"models.":[205],"has":[209],"an":[213],"accuracy":[214],"around":[216],"97%":[217],"whereas":[218],"mean":[225],"Intersection-over-Union":[226],"(IoU)":[227],"score":[228],"0.8.":[230]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":8},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":6},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":7}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}