{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2776948974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","title":"The Effect of Distance Similarity Measures on the Performance of Face, Ear and Palm Biometric Systems","display_name":"The Effect of Distance Similarity Measures on the Performance of Face, Ear and Palm Biometric Systems","publication_year":2017,"publication_date":"2017-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2776948974","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","mag":"2776948974"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083074115","display_name":"Inas Al-Taie","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["GB","IQ"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Inas Al-Taie","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Baghdad University","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Baghdad University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020756845","display_name":"Nassr Azeez","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I135120706","display_name":"University of Baghdad","ror":"https://ror.org/007f1da21","country_code":"IQ","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]}],"countries":["GB","IQ"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nassr Azeez","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science, Baghdad University","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science, Baghdad University","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I135120706"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036848310","display_name":"Arwa Basbrain","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0752-366X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Arwa Basbrain","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA","School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Computing and Information Technology, King Abdul-Aziz University, Jeddah, KSA","institution_ids":[]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5113463814","display_name":"Adrian F. Clark","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I110002522","display_name":"University of Essex","ror":"https://ror.org/02nkf1q06","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Adrian Clark","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Electronic Engineering, University of Essex, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5083074115"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I110002522","https://openalex.org/I135120706"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1869,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":4,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.49504477,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":95},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9945999979972839,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9912999868392944,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/biometrics","display_name":"Biometrics","score":0.8468928337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/euclidean-distance","display_name":"Euclidean distance","score":0.8148755431175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/distance-measures","display_name":"Distance measures","score":0.7453797459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.6586662530899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.6079227924346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5970704555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5663279891014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/metric","display_name":"Metric (unit)","score":0.5267329216003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cosine-similarity","display_name":"Cosine similarity","score":0.5206286311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/earth-movers-distance","display_name":"Earth mover's distance","score":0.4804686903953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mahalanobis-distance","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","score":0.4293924570083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.4190117120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.3949885368347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.08681884407997131}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C184297639","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q177765","display_name":"Biometrics","level":2,"score":0.8468928337097168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120174047","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q847073","display_name":"Euclidean distance","level":2,"score":0.8148755431175232},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2639959","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1344778","display_name":"Distance measures","level":2,"score":0.7453797459602356},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.6586662530899048},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.6079227924346924},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5970704555511475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5663279891014099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C176217482","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860554","display_name":"Metric (unit)","level":2,"score":0.5267329216003418},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780762811","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1784941","display_name":"Cosine similarity","level":3,"score":0.5206286311149597},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C82668687","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3046456","display_name":"Earth mover's distance","level":2,"score":0.4804686903953552},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C1921717","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1334846","display_name":"Mahalanobis distance","level":2,"score":0.4293924570083618},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.4190117120742798},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.3949885368347168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.08681884407997131},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21547014","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1423657","display_name":"Operations management","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2017.8227495","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2017 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":24,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W174887818","https://openalex.org/W195533127","https://openalex.org/W1485632403","https://openalex.org/W1972596861","https://openalex.org/W1983577356","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W1996118086","https://openalex.org/W1996958556","https://openalex.org/W2018713546","https://openalex.org/W2018953191","https://openalex.org/W2052570068","https://openalex.org/W2063424920","https://openalex.org/W2081590797","https://openalex.org/W2096589080","https://openalex.org/W2114214092","https://openalex.org/W2130259898","https://openalex.org/W2133965804","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2138451337","https://openalex.org/W2151816796","https://openalex.org/W2159171257","https://openalex.org/W2270954860","https://openalex.org/W2345603840","https://openalex.org/W4205895221"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2169159254","https://openalex.org/W149647761","https://openalex.org/W2434201124","https://openalex.org/W2183624858","https://openalex.org/W1973243276","https://openalex.org/W4310043907","https://openalex.org/W1969234006","https://openalex.org/W4390673421","https://openalex.org/W1992870039","https://openalex.org/W1605858995"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Distance":[0],"or":[1],"similarity":[2,117],"measures":[3,86],"are":[4,91,119],"essence":[5],"components":[6],"used":[7,21,120],"by":[8,43],"distance-based":[9],"recognition":[10,28,36],"techniques.":[11],"Since":[12],"the":[13,18,35,63,68,80],"Euclidean":[14],"distance":[15,22,46,64,85,109,118],"function":[16,65],"is":[17,59,134],"most":[19],"widely":[20],"metric":[23],"in":[24],"PCA":[25,69,122],"and":[26,70,103,115,123],"LDA":[27,71,124],"systems":[29],",":[30],"no":[31],"empirical":[32],"study":[33],"examines":[34],"performance":[37,72,132],"based":[38,92],"on":[39,93],"these":[40],"two":[41],"methods":[42],"using":[44,136],"different":[45,74,95,108],"functions,":[47],"especially":[48],"for":[49,87],"biometric":[50],"authentication":[51],"domain":[52],"problems.":[53],"The":[54,127],"aim":[55],"of":[56,97,129],"this":[57],"project":[58,78],"to":[60,82],"investigate":[61],"whether":[62],"can":[66],"affect":[67],"over":[73],"biometrics":[75,98],"datasets.":[76,88],"This":[77],"helps":[79],"researcher":[81],"identify":[83],"suitable":[84],"Our":[89],"experiments":[90],"three":[94],"types":[96],"datasets":[99],"containing":[100],"face,":[101],"ear":[102],"palmprint":[104],"data":[105],"with":[106],"four":[107],"functions":[110],"including":[111],"Euclidean,":[112],"Manhattan,":[113],"Mahanoblis":[114],"Cosine":[116],"during":[121],"classification":[125],"individually.":[126],"presence":[128],"statistically":[130],"significant":[131],"differences":[133],"assessed":[135],"McNemar's":[137],"Test.":[138]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-03-25T13:04:00.132906","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}