{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2563048890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","title":"A New Building Mask Using the Gradient of Heights for Automatic Building Extraction","display_name":"A New Building Mask Using the Gradient of Heights for Automatic Building Extraction","publication_year":2016,"publication_date":"2016-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2563048890","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","mag":"2563048890"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5103080108","display_name":"F. Siddiqui","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3533-0988"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I56590836","display_name":"Monash University","ror":"https://ror.org/02bfwt286","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Fasahat Ullah Siddiqui","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton Vic, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Information Technology, Monash University, Clayton Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5002372576","display_name":"Mohammad Awrangjeb","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2711-4329"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mohammad Awrangjeb","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Info. & Comm. Tech., Nathan QLD, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Info. & Comm. Tech., Nathan QLD, Australia","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5007657733","display_name":"Shyh Wei Teng","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0347-3797"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shyh Wei Teng","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Churchill Vic, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Churchill Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5053408745","display_name":"Guojun Lu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2523-7576"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I149672521","display_name":"Federation University","ror":"https://ror.org/05qbzwv83","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Guojun Lu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Churchill Vic, Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Faculty of Science and Technology, Federation University Australia, Churchill Vic, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I149672521"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":4,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5103080108"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I56590836"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.3379,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":2,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.68440557,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":94},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9952999949455261,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9947999715805054,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T13282","display_name":"Automated Road and Building Extraction","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2212","display_name":"Ocean Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/roof","display_name":"Roof","score":0.8542336821556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5912646651268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/completeness","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","score":0.5552480220794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.43985050916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/extraction","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","score":0.43976449966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.4314798414707184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/remote-sensing","display_name":"Remote sensing","score":0.42162251472473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.35934460163116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.3310973644256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.18481045961380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/civil-engineering","display_name":"Civil engineering","score":0.1830872893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/geology","display_name":"Geology","score":0.16633033752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/statistics","display_name":"Statistics","score":0.1629120409488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.15255683660507202}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776748203","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q83180","display_name":"Roof","level":2,"score":0.8542336821556091},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5912646651268005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17231256","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5156540","display_name":"Completeness (order theory)","level":2,"score":0.5552480220794678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.43985050916671753},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C4725764","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844704","display_name":"Extraction (chemistry)","level":2,"score":0.43976449966430664},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.4314798414707184},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62649853","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199687","display_name":"Remote sensing","level":1,"score":0.42162251472473145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.35934460163116455},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.3310973644256592},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.18481045961380005},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C147176958","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q77590","display_name":"Civil engineering","level":1,"score":0.1830872893333435},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127313418","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1069","display_name":"Geology","level":0,"score":0.16633033752441406},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.1629120409488678},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.15255683660507202},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C43617362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170050","display_name":"Chromatography","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C134306372","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7754","display_name":"Mathematical analysis","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2016.7796991","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2016 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:vital:11171","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://researchonline.federation.edu.au/vital/access/HandleResolver/1959.17/154524","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400234","display_name":"FedUni ResearchOnline (Federation University Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I4210158496","host_organization_name":"Australian Federation of University Women \u2013 South Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210158496"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":"public-domain","license_id":"https://openalex.org/licenses/public-domain","version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/339298","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/339298","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.7400000095367432,"display_name":"Sustainable cities and communities","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/11"}],"awards":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5156776422","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"DE120101778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/G5396079754","display_name":null,"funder_award_id":"120101778","funder_id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","funder_display_name":"Australian Research Council"}],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320334704","display_name":"Australian Research Council","ror":"https://ror.org/05mmh0f86"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":14,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1557900671","https://openalex.org/W1981565399","https://openalex.org/W2004959019","https://openalex.org/W2038771072","https://openalex.org/W2043178141","https://openalex.org/W2053395988","https://openalex.org/W2054091530","https://openalex.org/W2093791800","https://openalex.org/W2104525659","https://openalex.org/W2117186870","https://openalex.org/W2150089019","https://openalex.org/W2154465885","https://openalex.org/W2164976328","https://openalex.org/W2299098318"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2367823038","https://openalex.org/W4248012965","https://openalex.org/W2073597385","https://openalex.org/W2380471601","https://openalex.org/W3127330348","https://openalex.org/W138126719","https://openalex.org/W2366777762","https://openalex.org/W2389486868","https://openalex.org/W2359630750","https://openalex.org/W2710342215"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"number":[1],"of":[2,58,102,122,127,133],"building":[3,49,75],"detection":[4,57,76],"methods":[5],"have":[6],"been":[7],"proposed":[8,74,155],"in":[9,17,71,93],"the":[10,35,79,90,94,128,138,154],"literature.":[11],"However,":[12],"they":[13],"are":[14,42,69,165],"not":[15,60],"effective":[16],"detecting":[18],"small":[19,70,99,114,166],"buildings":[20,29,59,115,145,160],"(typically,":[21],"50":[22],"m":[23,104],"<sup":[24,105],"xmlns:mml=\"http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML\"":[25,106],"xmlns:xlink=\"http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink\">2</sup>":[26,107],")":[27],"and":[28,39,55,87,175],"with":[30,62,146],"transparent":[31,63,147],"roof":[32,64,134],"due":[33],"to":[34,51,112,143],"way":[36],"area":[37,100],"thresholds":[38],"ground":[40],"points":[41,124],"used.":[43],"This":[44],"paper":[45],"proposes":[46],"a":[47,98],"new":[48],"mask":[50],"overcome":[52],"these":[53],"limitations":[54],"enables":[56],"only":[61],"materials":[65,135],"but":[66],"also":[67,141],"which":[68],"size.":[72],"The":[73,120],"method":[77,139,156],"transforms":[78],"non-ground":[80,123],"height":[81],"information":[82,92],"into":[83],"an":[84],"intensity":[85],"image":[86],"then":[88],"analyses":[89,126],"gradient":[91,129],"image.":[95],"It":[96],"uses":[97],"threshold":[101],"1":[103],"and,":[108,136],"thereby,":[109,169],"is":[110,140],"able":[111,142],"detect":[113,144],"such":[116],"as":[117],"garden":[118],"sheds.":[119],"use":[121],"allows":[125],"on":[130],"all":[131],"types":[132],"thus,":[137],"roofs.":[148],"Our":[149],"experimental":[150],"results":[151],"show":[152],"that":[153],"can":[157],"successfully":[158],"extract":[159],"even":[161],"when":[162],"their":[163],"roofs":[164],"and/or":[167],"transparent,":[168],"achieving":[170],"relatively":[171],"higher":[172],"average":[173],"completeness":[174],"quality.":[176]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-04-10T15:06:20.359241","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}