{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2088733771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","title":"Learning Discriminative Local Patterns with Unrestricted Structure for Face Recognition","display_name":"Learning Discriminative Local Patterns with Unrestricted Structure for Face Recognition","publication_year":2013,"publication_date":"2013-11-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2088733771","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","mag":"2088733771"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/56813","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5084361542","display_name":"Douglas Brown","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Douglas Brown","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5071549690","display_name":"Yongsheng Gao","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5382-5351"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongsheng Gao","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100781212","display_name":"Jun Zhou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5822-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","display_name":"Griffith University","ror":"https://ror.org/02sc3r913","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Jun Zhou","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering, Griffith University, Brisbane, Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Engineering Griffith University, Brisbane, Qld., Australia","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5084361542"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.0,"has_fulltext":true,"cited_by_count":0,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.1488799,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"19","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9986000061035156,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10824","display_name":"Image Retrieval and Classification Techniques","score":0.9980999827384949,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10627","display_name":"Advanced Image and Video Retrieval Techniques","score":0.9957000017166138,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.9404741525650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/local-binary-patterns","display_name":"Local binary patterns","score":0.8288300633430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.8109760284423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7996017932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7305058240890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6249585151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.5840047597885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.5111392140388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.5013163089752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/construct","display_name":"Construct (python library)","score":0.4775477349758148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/encode","display_name":"ENCODE","score":0.46434977650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/texture","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","score":0.42476707696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/point","display_name":"Point (geometry)","score":0.418178915977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/histogram","display_name":"Histogram","score":0.2788515090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.16115590929985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.09701058268547058}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.9404741525650024},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C87335442","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2494345","display_name":"Local binary patterns","level":4,"score":0.8288300633430481},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.8109760284423828},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7996017932891846},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7305058240890503},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6249585151672363},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.5840047597885132},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.5111392140388489},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.5013163089752197},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780801425","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5164392","display_name":"Construct (python library)","level":2,"score":0.4775477349758148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C66746571","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1134833","display_name":"ENCODE","level":3,"score":0.46434977650642395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781195486","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q289436","display_name":"Texture (cosmology)","level":3,"score":0.42476707696914673},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28719098","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q44946","display_name":"Point (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.418178915977478},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C53533937","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q185020","display_name":"Histogram","level":3,"score":0.2788515090942383},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.16115590929985046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.09701058268547058},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2013.6691504","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2013 International Conference on Digital Image Computing: Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/56813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/56813","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/56813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.709.1146","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.709.1146","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.ict.griffith.edu.au/%7Ejunzhou/papers/C_DICTA_2013_B.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:research-repository.griffith.edu.au:10072/56813","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/56813","pdf_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10072/56813","source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402548","display_name":"Griffith Research Online (Griffith University, Queensland, Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11701301","host_organization_name":"Griffith University","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11701301"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference output"},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7799999713897705,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306078","display_name":"U.S. Department of Defense","ror":"https://ror.org/0447fe631"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338484","display_name":"DOD Counterdrug Technology Development Program Office","ror":null}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":true,"pdf":true},"content_urls":{"pdf":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088733771.pdf","grobid_xml":"https://content.openalex.org/works/W2088733771.grobid-xml"},"referenced_works_count":27,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1503783444","https://openalex.org/W1506241947","https://openalex.org/W1545641654","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1990254706","https://openalex.org/W1991385629","https://openalex.org/W1997011019","https://openalex.org/W2033419168","https://openalex.org/W2051618551","https://openalex.org/W2096171208","https://openalex.org/W2097777575","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2100302316","https://openalex.org/W2103496373","https://openalex.org/W2104535716","https://openalex.org/W2118774738","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2131081720","https://openalex.org/W2135667567","https://openalex.org/W2147141800","https://openalex.org/W2163352848","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W6632636493","https://openalex.org/W6635552349","https://openalex.org/W6663611726","https://openalex.org/W6675065350"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2055219403","https://openalex.org/W2791313072","https://openalex.org/W2468279273","https://openalex.org/W3166997759","https://openalex.org/W2965546495","https://openalex.org/W2104492225","https://openalex.org/W1990254706","https://openalex.org/W2404514746","https://openalex.org/W1843372508","https://openalex.org/W1999808563"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Local":[0],"binary":[1],"patterns":[2],"are":[3,76],"a":[4,21,44],"popular":[5],"local":[6,31],"texture":[7,32],"feature":[8],"for":[9],"describing":[10,68],"textures":[11],"and":[12,17,72,120],"objects.":[13],"The":[14,61],"standard":[15],"method":[16],"many":[18,69],"derivatives":[19],"use":[20],"hand-":[22],"crafted":[23],"structure":[24,47,64],"of":[25,52,92,117],"point":[26],"comparisons":[27],"to":[28,33,88],"encode":[29],"the":[30,35,58,86,95],"build":[34],"descriptors.":[36],"In":[37],"this":[38,109],"paper":[39],"we":[40],"propose":[41],"automatically":[42],"learning":[43],"discriminative":[45],"pattern":[46,54,63],"from":[48],"an":[49],"extended":[50],"pool":[51],"candidate":[53],"elements,":[55],"without":[56],"restricting":[57],"possible":[59],"configurations.":[60],"learnt":[62],"may":[65],"contain":[66],"elements":[67],"different":[70],"scales":[71],"gradient":[73],"orientations":[74],"that":[75,108],"not":[77],"available":[78],"in":[79,115,123],"LBP":[80],"(and":[81],"related":[82],"patterns),":[83],"thus":[84],"allowing":[85],"flexibility":[87],"construct":[89],"structures":[90],"capable":[91],"better":[93],"representing":[94],"objects":[96],"under":[97],"test.":[98],"We":[99],"show":[100],"through":[101],"experimentation":[102],"on":[103],"two":[104],"face":[105],"recognition":[106,121],"databases":[107],"approach":[110],"consistently":[111],"outperforms":[112],"other":[113],"methods,":[114],"terms":[116],"training":[118],"speed":[119],"accuracy":[122],"every":[124],"tested":[125],"case.":[126]},"counts_by_year":[],"updated_date":"2026-04-05T17:49:38.594831","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}