{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2043881395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","title":"Robust Face Recognition under Varying Illumination and Occlusion Considering Structured Sparsity","display_name":"Robust Face Recognition under Varying Illumination and Occlusion Considering Structured Sparsity","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2043881395","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","mag":"2043881395"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5079067524","display_name":"Xingjie Wei","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6064-7290"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Xingjie Wei","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5075200053","display_name":"Chang\u2010Tsun Li","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4735-6138"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chang-Tsun Li","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102772000","display_name":"Yongjian Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7775-3786"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","display_name":"University of Warwick","ror":"https://ror.org/01a77tt86","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yongjian Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Univ. of Warwick, Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Warwick Coventry, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5079067524"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.0548,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":29,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.92391585,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10057","display_name":"Face and Expression Recognition","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9991999864578247,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10331","display_name":"Video Surveillance and Tracking Methods","score":0.9940000176429749,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/discriminative-model","display_name":"Discriminative model","score":0.685570240020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6800132989883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/subspace-topology","display_name":"Subspace topology","score":0.6615170240402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.6284657716751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/occlusion","display_name":"Occlusion","score":0.6260636448860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6135278344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/linear-subspace","display_name":"Linear subspace","score":0.6118984222412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5903615951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.586333155632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5624917149543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.5607365965843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.42129743099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.1940060555934906}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.752000093460083},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97931131","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5282087","display_name":"Discriminative model","level":2,"score":0.685570240020752},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6800132989883423},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C32834561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q660730","display_name":"Subspace topology","level":2,"score":0.6615170240402222},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.6284657716751099},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776268601","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q968808","display_name":"Occlusion","level":2,"score":0.6260636448860168},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6135278344154358},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C12362212","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q728435","display_name":"Linear subspace","level":2,"score":0.6118984222412109},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5903615951538086},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.586333155632019},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5624917149543762},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.5607365965843201},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.42129743099212646},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.1940060555934906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C71924100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11190","display_name":"Medicine","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C164705383","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10379","display_name":"Cardiology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":2,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411704","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:wrap.warwick.ac.uk:59569","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":null,"pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400665","display_name":"Warwick Research Archive Portal (University of Warwick)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I39555362","host_organization_name":"University of Warwick","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I39555362"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"acceptedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"Conference Item"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Reduced inequalities","score":0.7300000190734863,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/10"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":21,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W587036822","https://openalex.org/W1529297639","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1672851775","https://openalex.org/W2038964396","https://openalex.org/W2053090063","https://openalex.org/W2098693229","https://openalex.org/W2118781693","https://openalex.org/W2121647436","https://openalex.org/W2123921160","https://openalex.org/W2125874614","https://openalex.org/W2129812935","https://openalex.org/W2130258210","https://openalex.org/W2134262590","https://openalex.org/W2147276092","https://openalex.org/W2156387284","https://openalex.org/W2163808566","https://openalex.org/W2952309856","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W6631489762","https://openalex.org/W6683310923"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3100286349","https://openalex.org/W2896134808","https://openalex.org/W3172436493","https://openalex.org/W4287164812","https://openalex.org/W2957492749","https://openalex.org/W1887135636","https://openalex.org/W4289378085","https://openalex.org/W2386063599","https://openalex.org/W1975884855","https://openalex.org/W3213150849"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"A":[0],"large":[1,178],"amount":[2],"of":[3,17,57,106,118],"work":[4,35],"has":[5],"been":[6],"done":[7],"over":[8],"the":[9,78,84,97,103,115,119,142,155,160,171],"past":[10],"decades":[11],"in":[12,26,102,108,137],"face":[13,91,98,167],"recognition":[14],"(FR).":[15],"Most":[16],"them":[18],"deal":[19,62,76],"with":[20,63,77],"uncontrolled":[21,45],"variations":[22,46],"such":[23],"as":[24],"changes":[25,80,180],"illumination,":[27],"pose,":[28],"expression":[29],"and":[30,81,181],"occlusion":[31,82,125,128],"individually.":[32],"However,":[33],"limited":[34],"focuses":[36],"on":[37,165],"simultaneously":[38],"handling":[39],"multiple":[40],"variations.":[41],"In":[42,65,130],"real-world":[43],"environment,":[44],"usually":[47,100],"coexist.":[48],"FR":[49],"approaches":[50],"which":[51],"are":[52],"robust":[53,176],"to":[54,61,75,140,149,177],"one":[55],"kind":[56],"variation":[58],"may":[59],"fail":[60],"another.":[64],"this":[66],"paper,":[67],"we":[68,121],"propose":[69,122],"an":[70],"approach":[71,88,148,173],"considering":[72],"structured":[73,104],"sparsity":[74],"illumination":[79,143,156,179],"at":[83],"same":[85],"time.":[86],"Our":[87],"represents":[89],"a":[90,109,123,132],"image":[92],"taking":[93],"into":[94],"account":[95],"that":[96,152,170],"images":[99,151],"lie":[101,153],"union":[105],"subspaces":[107],"high":[110],"dimensional":[111],"feature":[112,134],"space.":[113],"Considering":[114],"spatial":[116],"continuity":[117],"occlusion,":[120],"cluster":[124],"dictionary":[126],"for":[127],"modelling.":[129],"addition,":[131],"discriminative":[133],"is":[135,174],"embedded":[136],"our":[138,147],"model":[139],"correct":[141],"effect.":[144],"This":[145],"enables":[146],"handle":[150],"outside":[154],"subspace":[157],"spanned":[158],"by":[159],"training":[161],"set.":[162],"Experimental":[163],"results":[164],"public":[166],"databases":[168],"show":[169],"proposed":[172],"very":[175],"occlusion.":[182]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-04-04T16:13:02.066488","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}