{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2003507846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","title":"Facial Self Similarity for Sketch to Photo Matching","display_name":"Facial Self Similarity for Sketch to Photo Matching","publication_year":2012,"publication_date":"2012-12-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2003507846","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","mag":"2003507846"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078439443","display_name":"Zohaib Khan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6294-0688"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Zohaib Khan","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","School of Computer Science and Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5102837904","display_name":"Yiqun Hu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9157-7865"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yiqun Hu","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","School of Computer Science and Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089986388","display_name":"Ajmal Mian","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5206-3842"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","display_name":"The University of Western Australia","ror":"https://ror.org/047272k79","country_code":"AU","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]}],"countries":["AU"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Ajmal Mian","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","School of Computer Science and Software Engineering"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering, The University of Western Australia, Perth","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Computer Science and Software Engineering","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":1,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":8,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":"7667","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"7"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11448","display_name":"Face recognition and analysis","score":0.9994000196456909,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10828","display_name":"Biometric Identification and Security","score":0.9958000183105469,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1711","display_name":"Signal Processing"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10992","display_name":"Forensic Anthropology and Bioarchaeology Studies","score":0.9901999831199646,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1204","display_name":"Archeology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/12","display_name":"Arts and Humanities"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch","display_name":"Sketch","score":0.9305210113525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.7520174980163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7507001757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/face","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","score":0.6263810992240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-vision","display_name":"Computer vision","score":0.5456221699714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robustness","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","score":0.5146926045417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/transformation","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","score":0.5125255584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/pattern-recognition","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","score":0.511620819568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/matching","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","score":0.5074555277824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/modality","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","score":0.4887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/facial-recognition-system","display_name":"Facial recognition system","score":0.48671677708625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/sketch-recognition","display_name":"Sketch recognition","score":0.46631747484207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/similarity","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","score":0.42057913541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","score":0.4166986048221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/context","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","score":0.41039323806762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/image","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","score":0.2825198769569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.14975044131278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.08389955759048462}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779231336","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534724","display_name":"Sketch","level":2,"score":0.9305210113525391},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.7520174980163574},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7507001757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779304628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3503480","display_name":"Face (sociological concept)","level":2,"score":0.6263810992240906},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31972630","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q844240","display_name":"Computer vision","level":1,"score":0.5456221699714661},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C63479239","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7353546","display_name":"Robustness (evolution)","level":3,"score":0.5146926045417786},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204241405","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q461499","display_name":"Transformation (genetics)","level":3,"score":0.5125255584716797},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C153180895","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7148389","display_name":"Pattern recognition (psychology)","level":2,"score":0.511620819568634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C165064840","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1321061","display_name":"Matching (statistics)","level":2,"score":0.5074555277824402},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780226545","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6888030","display_name":"Modality (human\u2013computer interaction)","level":2,"score":0.4887216091156006},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C31510193","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1192553","display_name":"Facial recognition system","level":3,"score":0.48671677708625793},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C132900626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7534733","display_name":"Sketch recognition","level":4,"score":0.46631747484207153},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103278499","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q254465","display_name":"Similarity (geometry)","level":3,"score":0.42057913541793823},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2776401178","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12050496","display_name":"Feature (linguistics)","level":2,"score":0.4166986048221588},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779343474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3109175","display_name":"Context (archaeology)","level":2,"score":0.41039323806762695},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115961682","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q860623","display_name":"Image (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.2825198769569397},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.14975044131278992},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.08389955759048462},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C159437735","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1519524","display_name":"Gesture recognition","level":3,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C105795698","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q12483","display_name":"Statistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C151730666","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7205","display_name":"Paleontology","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C207347870","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q371174","display_name":"Gesture","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C104317684","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7187","display_name":"Gene","level":2,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144024400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21201","display_name":"Sociology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C86803240","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q420","display_name":"Biology","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185592680","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2329","display_name":"Chemistry","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C36289849","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q34749","display_name":"Social science","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C55493867","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7094","display_name":"Biochemistry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dicta.2012.6411670","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications (DICTA)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:pure.atira.dk:publications/a060e8cb-8cb5-414d-a259-0d42735ecf7d","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://research-repository.uwa.edu.au/en/publications/a060e8cb-8cb5-414d-a259-0d42735ecf7d","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402523","display_name":"UWA Profiles and Research Repository (University of Western Australia)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I177877127","host_organization_name":"The University of Western Australia","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I177877127"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Khan , Z , Hu , Y &amp; Mian , A 2012 , Facial self similarity for sketch to photo matching . in 2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications . IEEE, Institute of Electrical and Electronics Engineers , USA , pp. 1-7 , 2012 International Conference on Digital Image Computing Techniques and Applications , Fremantle , Western Australia , Australia , 3/12/12 . https://doi.org/10.1109/DICTA.2012.6411670","raw_type":"contributionToPeriodical"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.308.8131","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.308.8131","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://www.csse.uwa.edu.au/~ajmal/papers/KhanZ_DICTA_2012.pdf","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","score":0.8299999833106995}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":28,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1527240141","https://openalex.org/W1591385104","https://openalex.org/W1967779371","https://openalex.org/W1986036401","https://openalex.org/W1989702938","https://openalex.org/W2004007128","https://openalex.org/W2029986162","https://openalex.org/W2033783862","https://openalex.org/W2034136097","https://openalex.org/W2042280378","https://openalex.org/W2053251013","https://openalex.org/W2097902422","https://openalex.org/W2108774841","https://openalex.org/W2109509158","https://openalex.org/W2121604810","https://openalex.org/W2141345255","https://openalex.org/W2143056698","https://openalex.org/W2144502914","https://openalex.org/W2149481809","https://openalex.org/W2153288431","https://openalex.org/W2158096215","https://openalex.org/W2160540105","https://openalex.org/W2167462246","https://openalex.org/W2994340921","https://openalex.org/W6631618440","https://openalex.org/W6676467396","https://openalex.org/W6678217695","https://openalex.org/W6681227110"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2294900353","https://openalex.org/W2151314278","https://openalex.org/W2411243951","https://openalex.org/W1971224820","https://openalex.org/W13629514","https://openalex.org/W2963977451","https://openalex.org/W2098836165","https://openalex.org/W1976890290","https://openalex.org/W1573697454","https://openalex.org/W2966897482"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Automatic":[0],"recognition":[1,168],"of":[2,8,26,41,93,120,135,160,170,181],"suspects":[3],"from":[4,73,102],"forensic":[5],"sketches":[6,28,189],"is":[7,19,76,116,149],"considerable":[9],"interest":[10],"to":[11,22,44,49,59,78,184,190],"the":[12,23,52,61,80,88,91,133,142,152,179,182],"law":[13],"enforcement":[14],"agencies.":[15],"However,":[16],"this":[17,33],"task":[18],"complex":[20],"due":[21],"heterogenous":[24],"nature":[25],"face":[27,104,123],"and":[29,70,106,172],"photographs.":[30,192],"To":[31],"address":[32],"challenge,":[34],"previous":[35],"approaches":[36],"generally":[37],"learn":[38],"a":[39,42,47,65,103,107,121,136],"transformation":[40,66],"sketch":[43,50,81,105],"photo":[45,48],"or":[46,54],"at":[51],"image":[53],"feature":[55],"level":[56],"in":[57,90],"order":[58],"reduce":[60],"modality":[62,137],"gap.":[63,144],"Such":[64],"may":[67],"be":[68],"indeterministic":[69],"if":[71],"learned":[72],"training":[74],"data,":[75],"likely":[77],"over-fit":[79],"artist's":[82],"drawing":[83],"technique.":[84],"Instead,":[85],"we":[86],"formulate":[87],"problem":[89],"context":[92],"matching":[94,188],"local":[95,127],"self":[96],"similarities":[97],"which":[98],"are":[99],"independently":[100],"computed":[101],"photo.":[108],"The":[109,145,163],"proposed":[110,146],"Facial":[111],"Self":[112],"Similarity":[113],"(FSS)":[114],"descriptor":[115,148,165,183],"obtained":[117],"by":[118],"correlation":[119],"small":[122],"patch":[124],"with":[125],"its":[126],"neighborhood.":[128],"Thus,":[129],"our":[130],"approach":[131],"avoids":[132],"need":[134],"transformation,":[138],"while":[139],"implicitly":[140],"reducing":[141],"inter-modality":[143],"FSS":[147,164],"evaluated":[150],"on":[151],"CUHK":[153],"Face":[154],"Sketch":[155],"database":[156],"using":[157],"sketch-photo":[158],"pairs":[159],"311":[161],"subjects.":[162],"demonstrates":[166],"high":[167],"accuracy":[169],"99.53%":[171],"outperforms":[173],"current":[174],"techniques.":[175],"We":[176],"also":[177],"evaluate":[178],"robustness":[180],"anomalies":[185],"such":[186],"as":[187],"blurred":[191]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-07-15T18:14:33.161393","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
