{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2131132193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","title":"Text alignment with handwritten documents","display_name":"Text alignment with handwritten documents","publication_year":2004,"publication_date":"2004-06-10","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2131132193","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","mag":"2131132193"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First International Workshop on Document Image Analysis for Libraries, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5076054230","display_name":"E. Micah Kornfield","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"E.M. Kornfield","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5055459215","display_name":"R. Manmatha","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2315-8583"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5034070218","display_name":"James Allan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0132-5694"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","display_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","ror":"https://ror.org/0072zz521","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"J. Allan","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of Computer Science, University of Massachusetts, Amherst, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Comput. Sci., Massachusetts Univ., Amherst, MA, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":3.8675,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":59,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.94168524,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":true},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"195","last_page":"209"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10601","display_name":"Handwritten Text Recognition Techniques","score":0.9998000264167786,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10181","display_name":"Natural Language Processing Techniques","score":0.9988999962806702,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11439","display_name":"Video Analysis and Summarization","score":0.9884999990463257,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1707","display_name":"Computer Vision and Pattern Recognition"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8589581251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting","display_name":"Handwriting","score":0.7826402187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/ascii","display_name":"ASCII","score":0.7394949793815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dynamic-time-warping","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","score":0.7189223170280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/handwriting-recognition","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","score":0.6462428569793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/word","display_name":"Word (group theory)","score":0.5988131165504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/set","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","score":0.5776829123497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/reading","display_name":"Reading (process)","score":0.5085700750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5053179860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/information-retrieval","display_name":"Information retrieval","score":0.4724600315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/line","display_name":"Line (geometry)","score":0.4714340269565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/natural-language-processing","display_name":"Natural language processing","score":0.4367423951625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/web-page","display_name":"Web page","score":0.428989440202713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/speech-recognition","display_name":"Speech recognition","score":0.32835087180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/feature-extraction","display_name":"Feature extraction","score":0.23648369312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/world-wide-web","display_name":"World Wide Web","score":0.16393452882766724}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8589581251144409},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779386606","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2393642","display_name":"Handwriting","level":2,"score":0.7826402187347412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C196832560","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8815","display_name":"ASCII","level":2,"score":0.7394949793815613},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C88516994","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1268863","display_name":"Dynamic time warping","level":2,"score":0.7189223170280457},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C112640561","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2440634","display_name":"Handwriting recognition","level":3,"score":0.6462428569793701},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90805587","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q10944557","display_name":"Word (group theory)","level":2,"score":0.5988131165504456},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C177264268","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1514741","display_name":"Set (abstract data type)","level":2,"score":0.5776829123497009},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C554936623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q199657","display_name":"Reading (process)","level":2,"score":0.5085700750350952},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5053179860115051},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C23123220","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q816826","display_name":"Information retrieval","level":1,"score":0.4724600315093994},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C198352243","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q37105","display_name":"Line (geometry)","level":2,"score":0.4714340269565582},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C204321447","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q30642","display_name":"Natural language processing","level":1,"score":0.4367423951625824},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C21959979","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36774","display_name":"Web page","level":2,"score":0.428989440202713},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C28490314","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q189436","display_name":"Speech recognition","level":1,"score":0.32835087180137634},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C52622490","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1026626","display_name":"Feature extraction","level":2,"score":0.23648369312286377},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C136764020","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q466","display_name":"World Wide Web","level":1,"score":0.16393452882766724},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C17744445","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q36442","display_name":"Political science","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199539241","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7748","display_name":"Law","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2524010","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8087","display_name":"Geometry","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":5,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dial.2004.1263249","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"First International Workshop on Document Image Analysis for Libraries, 2004. Proceedings.","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:cs_faculty_pubs-1288","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://scholarworks.umass.edu/cs_faculty_pubs/289","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"Computer Science Department Faculty Publication Series","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:CiteSeerX.psu:10.1.1.6.2149","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://citeseerx.ist.psu.edu/viewdoc/summary?doi=10.1.1.6.2149","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"http://ciir.cs.umass.edu/pubfiles/mm-320.pdf","raw_type":"text"},{"id":"pmh:oai:scholarworks.umass.edu:20.500.14394/9955","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://hdl.handle.net/20.500.14394/9955","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"published","raw_type":"Article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:works.bepress.com:r_manmatha-1049","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://works.bepress.com/r_manmatha/25","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402240","display_name":"ScholarWorks@UMassAmherst (University of Massachusetts Amherst)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I24603500","host_organization_name":"University of Massachusetts Amherst","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I24603500"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"R. Manmatha","raw_type":"text"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4","score":0.8799999952316284}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":13,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1543768931","https://openalex.org/W1606953891","https://openalex.org/W2118013826","https://openalex.org/W2126086996","https://openalex.org/W2128160875","https://openalex.org/W2138584836","https://openalex.org/W2140347408","https://openalex.org/W2156301828","https://openalex.org/W2605292831","https://openalex.org/W6632520443","https://openalex.org/W6678817347","https://openalex.org/W6680188976","https://openalex.org/W6683079365"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W3003949997","https://openalex.org/W2110485610","https://openalex.org/W3199359807","https://openalex.org/W3047607512","https://openalex.org/W4390983538","https://openalex.org/W2744690920","https://openalex.org/W2787081548","https://openalex.org/W183832189","https://openalex.org/W2536878212","https://openalex.org/W3005534356"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Today's":[0],"digital":[1],"libraries":[2],"increasingly":[3],"include":[4],"not":[5],"only":[6],"printed":[7],"text":[8],"but":[9],"also":[10],"scanned":[11],"handwritten":[12,26,46,140],"pages":[13,137,165],"and":[14,159],"other":[15],"multimedia":[16],"material.":[17,124],"There":[18],"are,":[19],"however,":[20],"few":[21],"tools":[22],"available":[23],"for":[24,39,58,105,122],"manipulating":[25],"pages.":[27],"Here,":[28],"we":[29],"propose":[30],"an":[31],"algorithm":[32,131],"based":[33],"on":[34,72,132,154],"dynamic":[35],"time":[36],"warping":[37],"(DTW)":[38],"a":[40,77,89,119,133],"word":[41,43],"by":[42,156],"alignment":[44,60,63,93,158],"of":[45,101,129,135,138,146],"documents":[47],"with":[48],"their":[49,82],"(ASCII)":[50],"transcripts.":[51],"We":[52,125],"see":[53],"at":[54,166],"least":[55],"three":[56],"uses":[57],"such":[59,92,111],"algorithms.":[61,109],"First,":[62],"algorithms":[64,94,112],"allow":[65,76,95,113],"us":[66,96,114],"to":[67,79,97,115],"produce":[68,98,116],"displays":[69],"(for":[70],"example":[71],"the":[73,85,144],"Web)":[74],"that":[75],"person":[78],"easily":[80],"find":[81],"place":[83],"in":[84,118],"manuscript":[86],"when":[87,162],"reading":[88],"transcript.":[90],"Second,":[91],"large":[99],"quantities":[100],"ground":[102],"truth":[103],"data":[104],"evaluating":[106],"handwriting":[107,123],"recognition":[108],"Third,":[110],"indices":[117],"straightforward":[120],"manner":[121],"provide":[126],"experimental":[127],"results":[128],"our":[130],"set":[134],"70":[136],"historical":[139],"material":[141],"&":[142],"specifically":[143],"writings":[145],"George":[147],"Washington.":[148],"Our":[149],"method":[150],"achieves":[151],"74.5%":[152],"accuracy":[153,161],"line":[155,157],"60.5%":[160],"aligning":[163],"whole":[164],"time.":[167]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":4},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":7},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
