{"id":"https://openalex.org/W3209148957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","title":"Analyzing the Single Event Upset Vulnerability of Binarized Neural Networks on SRAM FPGAs","display_name":"Analyzing the Single Event Upset Vulnerability of Binarized Neural Networks on SRAM FPGAs","publication_year":2021,"publication_date":"2021-10-06","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W3209148957","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","mag":"3209148957"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5040560974","display_name":"Ioanna Souvatzoglou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7558-2696"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Ioanna Souvatzoglou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083454001","display_name":"Athanasios Papadimitriou","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-4127-7554"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Athanasios Papadimitriou","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5031242688","display_name":"Aitzan Sari","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0009-0004-5010-3726"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Aitzan Sari","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5058597570","display_name":"Vasileios Vlagkoulis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-0847-7789"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vasileios Vlagkoulis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5032789590","display_name":"Mihalis Psarakis","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5359-619X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I154757721","display_name":"University of Piraeus","ror":"https://ror.org/02qs84g94","country_code":"GR","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}],"countries":["GR"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Mihalis Psarakis","raw_affiliation_strings":["Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Dept. of Informatics, University of Piraeus, Greece","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":5,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5040560974"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I154757721"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.4067,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":7,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.61650184,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":90,"max":99},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9998999834060669,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11689","display_name":"Adversarial Robustness in Machine Learning","score":0.9973000288009644,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7434176802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field-programmable-gate-array","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","score":0.7400811910629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/fault-injection","display_name":"Fault injection","score":0.7287008166313171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/single-event-upset","display_name":"Single event upset","score":0.6088913679122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/embedded-system","display_name":"Embedded system","score":0.5140184164047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/static-random-access-memory","display_name":"Static random-access memory","score":0.5062548518180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.4765756130218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/benchmark","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","score":0.4707774817943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/flops","display_name":"FLOPS","score":0.46554645895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/upset","display_name":"Upset","score":0.41019874811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3275170624256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.3087747097015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.27779412269592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.16475698351860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.12566432356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/software","display_name":"Software","score":0.08880358934402466}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7434176802635193},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C42935608","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190411","display_name":"Field-programmable gate array","level":2,"score":0.7400811910629272},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2775928411","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2041312","display_name":"Fault injection","level":3,"score":0.7287008166313171},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2780073065","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1476733","display_name":"Single event upset","level":3,"score":0.6088913679122925},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C149635348","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q193040","display_name":"Embedded system","level":1,"score":0.5140184164047241},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C68043766","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q267416","display_name":"Static random-access memory","level":2,"score":0.5062548518180847},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.4765756130218506},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C185798385","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1161707","display_name":"Benchmark (surveying)","level":2,"score":0.4707774817943573},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C3826847","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q188768","display_name":"FLOPS","level":2,"score":0.46554645895957947},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778002589","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2406791","display_name":"Upset","level":2,"score":0.41019874811172485},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3275170624256134},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.3087747097015381},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.27779412269592285},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.16475698351860046},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.12566432356834412},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2777904410","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7397","display_name":"Software","level":2,"score":0.08880358934402466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C205649164","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1071","display_name":"Geography","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C13280743","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q131089","display_name":"Geodesy","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft52944.2021.9568280","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2021 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":29,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W2061205755","https://openalex.org/W2276486856","https://openalex.org/W2565125333","https://openalex.org/W2583383421","https://openalex.org/W2886014761","https://openalex.org/W2891946740","https://openalex.org/W2901414323","https://openalex.org/W2903175372","https://openalex.org/W2927956055","https://openalex.org/W2963396341","https://openalex.org/W2963568120","https://openalex.org/W2981743485","https://openalex.org/W2997106510","https://openalex.org/W3013072087","https://openalex.org/W3014410382","https://openalex.org/W3016243202","https://openalex.org/W3099432326","https://openalex.org/W3102169921","https://openalex.org/W3103089830","https://openalex.org/W3113229535","https://openalex.org/W3120425629","https://openalex.org/W3123290820","https://openalex.org/W3128989166","https://openalex.org/W3149134903","https://openalex.org/W3184606595","https://openalex.org/W4288083474","https://openalex.org/W6776007502","https://openalex.org/W6788784881","https://openalex.org/W6790526675"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2102538861","https://openalex.org/W2765704306","https://openalex.org/W2123934961","https://openalex.org/W1540420234","https://openalex.org/W2161646799","https://openalex.org/W2359969304","https://openalex.org/W764628369","https://openalex.org/W3208260600","https://openalex.org/W2065552285","https://openalex.org/W2051386096"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Neural":[0,96],"Networks":[1],"(NNs)":[2],"are":[3,73,203],"increasingly":[4],"used":[5],"in":[6,10,90,149,168,215],"the":[7,53,60,69,145,150,160,169,176,181,185,197,201,216,220],"last":[8],"decade":[9],"several":[11],"demanding":[12],"applications,":[13],"such":[14,45],"as":[15,46,162],"object":[16],"detection":[17],"and":[18,38,55,193,219],"classification,":[19],"autonomous":[20],"driving,":[21],"etc.":[22],"Among":[23],"different":[24],"computing":[25],"platforms":[26],"for":[27],"implementing":[28],"NNs,":[29],"FPGAs":[30,72],"have":[31,48,174],"multiple":[32],"advantages":[33],"due":[34],"to":[35,75,125,130,206],"design":[36,131],"flexibility":[37],"high":[39],"performance-to-watt":[40],"ratio.":[41],"Moreover,":[42],"approximation":[43,140],"techniques,":[44],"quantization,":[47],"been":[49,110],"introduced,":[50],"which":[51],"reduce":[52],"computational":[54],"storage":[56],"requirements,":[57],"thus":[58],"enabling":[59],"integration":[61],"of":[62,147,153,184,213],"larger":[63],"NNs":[64],"into":[65],"FPGA":[66,158],"devices.":[67],"On":[68],"other":[70],"hand,":[71],"sensitive":[74],"radiation-induced":[76],"Single":[77],"Event":[78],"Upsets":[79],"(SEUs).":[80],"In":[81,195],"this":[82],"work,":[83],"we":[84],"perform":[85],"an":[86,91,114,119,164],"in-depth":[87],"reliability":[88],"analysis":[89],"FPGA-based":[92],"Binarized":[93],"Fully":[94],"Connected":[95],"Network":[97],"(BNN)":[98],"accelerator":[99],"running":[100,159],"a":[101,154,210],"statistical":[102],"fault":[103,166,177],"injection":[104,146,167,178],"campaign.":[105],"The":[106,142],"BNN":[107],"benchmark":[108],"has":[109],"produced":[111],"by":[112],"FINN,":[113],"open-source":[115],"framework":[116],"that":[117,200],"provides":[118],"end-to-end":[120],"flow":[121],"from":[122],"abstract":[123],"level":[124],"design,":[126],"making":[127],"it":[128,136],"easy":[129],"customized":[132],"FPGANN":[133],"accelerators,":[134],"while":[135],"also":[137],"supports":[138],"various":[139],"techniques.":[141],"campaign":[143],"includes":[144],"faults":[148],"configuration":[151,217],"memory":[152,218],"state-of-the-art":[155],"Xilinx":[156],"Ultrascale+":[157],"BNN,":[161],"well":[163],"exhaustive":[165],"user":[170],"flip":[171,221],"flops.":[172],"We":[173],"analyzed":[175],"results":[179,198],"characterizing":[180],"SEU":[182],"vulnerability":[183],"circuit":[186],"per":[187,190],"network":[188],"layer,":[189],"clock":[191],"cycle,":[192],"register.":[194],"general,":[196],"show":[199],"BNNs":[202],"inherently":[204],"resilient":[205],"soft":[207],"errors,":[208],"since":[209],"low":[211],"portion":[212],"SEUs":[214],"flops,":[222],"cause":[223],"system":[224],"crashes":[225],"or":[226],"misclassification":[227],"errors.":[228]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2024,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":3}],"updated_date":"2026-05-23T08:51:43.019350","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
