{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2981624919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","title":"Low Redundancy Double Error Correction Spotty Codes Combined with Gray Coding for 64 Data Bits Memories of 4-bit Multilevel Cells","display_name":"Low Redundancy Double Error Correction Spotty Codes Combined with Gray Coding for 64 Data Bits Memories of 4-bit Multilevel Cells","publication_year":2019,"publication_date":"2019-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2981624919","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","mag":"2981624919"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5100417119","display_name":"Shanshan Liu","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-6226-2880"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Shanshan Liu","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5080322790","display_name":"Pedro Reviriego","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2540-5234"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I50357001","display_name":"Universidad Carlos III de Madrid","ror":"https://ror.org/03ths8210","country_code":"ES","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}],"countries":["ES"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Pedro Reviriego","raw_affiliation_strings":["Departamento de Ingenieria Telematica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Departamento de Ingenieria Telematica, Universidad Carlos III de Madrid, Madrid, Spain","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I50357001"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009094960","display_name":"Kazuteru Namba","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-8316-7281"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I159385669","display_name":"Chiba University","ror":"https://ror.org/01hjzeq58","country_code":"JP","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}],"countries":["JP"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kazuteru Namba","raw_affiliation_strings":["Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Graduate School of Engineering, Chiba University, Chiba, Japan","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I159385669"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5010562631","display_name":"Salvatore Pontarelli","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-3626-6404"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I116067653","display_name":"University of Rome Tor Vergata","ror":"https://ror.org/02p77k626","country_code":"IT","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I116067653"]},{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210099310","display_name":"Consorzio Nazionale Interuniversitario per le Telecomunicazioni","ror":"https://ror.org/0182a5n39","country_code":"IT","type":"funder","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}],"countries":["IT"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Salvatore Pontarelli","raw_affiliation_strings":["National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"National Inter-University Consortium for Telecommunications, University of Rome Tor Vergata, Rome, Italy","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I116067653","https://openalex.org/I4210099310"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5088425854","display_name":"Livi Xiao","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I204983213","display_name":"Harbin Institute of Technology","ror":"https://ror.org/01yqg2h08","country_code":"CN","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}],"countries":["CN"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Livi Xiao","raw_affiliation_strings":["Microelectronics Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Microelectronics Center, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin, China","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I204983213"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5001979328","display_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3152-3245"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I12912129","display_name":"Northeastern University","ror":"https://ror.org/04t5xt781","country_code":"US","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Fabrizio Lombardi","raw_affiliation_strings":["Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, USA"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Department of ECE, Northeastern University, Boston, USA","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I12912129"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":5,"institutions_distinct_count":6,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.1211,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":3,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.48141743,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"c 21","issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"4"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10502","display_name":"Advanced Memory and Neural Computing","score":0.9995999932289124,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11181","display_name":"Advanced Data Storage Technologies","score":0.9987000226974487,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1705","display_name":"Computer Networks and Communications"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9976000189781189,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.7052127718925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/decoding-methods","display_name":"Decoding methods","score":0.5163251757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-error-rate","display_name":"Bit error rate","score":0.4953064024448395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/algorithm","display_name":"Algorithm","score":0.4711928367614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/redundancy","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","score":0.4445398151874542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parity-bit","display_name":"Parity bit","score":0.43977460265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/error-detection-and-correction","display_name":"Error detection and correction","score":0.43179571628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/bit-field","display_name":"Bit field","score":0.4256378710269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/arithmetic","display_name":"Arithmetic","score":0.4158622622489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/concatenated-error-correction-code","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","score":0.41451504826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/theoretical-computer-science","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","score":0.32137638330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/block-code","display_name":"Block code","score":0.24910995364189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13291805982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/engineering","display_name":"Engineering","score":0.07962417602539062}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.7052127718925476},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C57273362","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q576722","display_name":"Decoding methods","level":2,"score":0.5163251757621765},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C56296756","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q840922","display_name":"Bit error rate","level":3,"score":0.4953064024448395},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C11413529","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8366","display_name":"Algorithm","level":1,"score":0.4711928367614746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C152124472","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1204361","display_name":"Redundancy (engineering)","level":2,"score":0.4445398151874542},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C131521367","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q625502","display_name":"Parity bit","level":2,"score":0.43977460265159607},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C103088060","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1062839","display_name":"Error detection and correction","level":2,"score":0.43179571628570557},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C183383400","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2374485","display_name":"Bit field","level":3,"score":0.4256378710269928},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C94375191","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11205","display_name":"Arithmetic","level":1,"score":0.4158622622489929},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78944582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5158264","display_name":"Concatenated error correction code","level":4,"score":0.41451504826545715},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C80444323","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2878974","display_name":"Theoretical computer science","level":1,"score":0.32137638330459595},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C157125643","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q884707","display_name":"Block code","level":3,"score":0.24910995364189148},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13291805982589722},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C127413603","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11023","display_name":"Engineering","level":0,"score":0.07962417602539062},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111919701","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9135","display_name":"Operating system","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C78519656","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q101333","display_name":"Mechanical engineering","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C25197100","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q890886","display_name":"Drilling","level":2,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2019.8875283","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2019 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions","score":0.4399999976158142,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16"}],"awards":[],"funders":[],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":17,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W1508198331","https://openalex.org/W1981443800","https://openalex.org/W1997233562","https://openalex.org/W2025173691","https://openalex.org/W2033811947","https://openalex.org/W2050902046","https://openalex.org/W2067007863","https://openalex.org/W2098206714","https://openalex.org/W2130229411","https://openalex.org/W2152464848","https://openalex.org/W2168133003","https://openalex.org/W2303552178","https://openalex.org/W2517364863","https://openalex.org/W2595748027","https://openalex.org/W2768008540","https://openalex.org/W2782670320","https://openalex.org/W4246578358"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2730687902","https://openalex.org/W2306469233","https://openalex.org/W2065356549","https://openalex.org/W2118844295","https://openalex.org/W4400983058","https://openalex.org/W2119660920","https://openalex.org/W2181665053","https://openalex.org/W2109390513","https://openalex.org/W2184233008","https://openalex.org/W4285816383"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Non-volatile":[0],"emerging":[1],"Multilevel":[2],"Cell":[3],"(MLC)":[4],"memories":[5,27,61],"(such":[6],"as":[7,182],"magneto":[8],"electric,":[9],"magnetic":[10],"resistive,":[11],"memristor-based":[12],"and":[13,48,51,68,116,138,165,196],"phase":[14],"change":[15],"memories)":[16],"are":[17,62,163],"attractive":[18],"to":[19,54,65,84,141,200],"increase":[20],"density.":[21],"A":[22],"key":[23],"advantage":[24],"of":[25,90,103,123,190],"these":[26],"is":[28,147],"that":[29,92,105,133,154],"they":[30,186],"can":[31,52,93,134,155],"store":[32,135],"several":[33],"bits":[34,74,137,173],"per":[35,75,145],"cell":[36,76,101,146],"by":[37],"using":[38,78,130],"different":[39],"levels.":[40],"This":[41,86],"however":[42],"reduces":[43],"the":[44,88,111,121,188,191],"margins":[45],"against":[46],"noise":[47],"other":[49],"effects":[50],"lead":[53],"larger":[55],"error":[56,96],"rates.":[57],"Errors":[58],"in":[59,98,110,160],"MLC":[60],"usually":[63],"limited":[64],"magnitude-2":[66],"levels,":[67],"thus":[69,113],"corrupt":[70],"one":[71],"or":[72,178],"two":[73],"when":[77],"a":[79,99,124],"Gray":[80],"mapping":[81],"from":[82],"levels":[83],"bits.":[85],"enables":[87],"use":[89],"codes":[91,104,153,169,177,180],"correct":[94,106,156],"those":[95],"patterns":[97,109],"memory":[100,128,131,192],"instead":[102],"all":[107],"possible":[108],"cell,":[112],"reducing":[114],"complexity":[115,198],"cost.":[117],"In":[118],"this":[119],"paper,":[120],"case":[122],"64":[125],"data":[126],"bit":[127,143,158],"built":[129],"cells":[132,162],"four":[136],"suffer":[139],"up":[140],"double":[142,157],"errors":[144,159],"considered.":[148],"Several":[149],"(72,":[150],"64)":[151],"Spotty":[152,176],"4-bit":[161],"designed":[164],"evaluated.":[166],"The":[167],"new":[168],"require":[170],"fewer":[171],"parity":[172],"than":[174],"existing":[175,201],"symbol-based":[179],"such":[181],"Hong-Patel":[183],"codes.":[184,203],"Therefore,":[185],"reduce":[187],"size":[189],"while":[193],"having":[194],"encoding":[195],"decoding":[197],"similar":[199],"alternative":[202]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1}],"updated_date":"2026-06-11T09:08:48.828518","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}
