{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2910187224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","title":"Physics-Informed Machine Learning for DRAM Error Modeling","display_name":"Physics-Informed Machine Learning for DRAM Error Modeling","publication_year":2018,"publication_date":"2018-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2910187224","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","mag":"2910187224"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":true,"oa_status":"green","oa_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1515630","any_repository_has_fulltext":true},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5089223391","display_name":"Elisabeth Baseman","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Elisabeth Baseman","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5056569157","display_name":"Nathan DeBardeleben","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5593-9205"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Nathan Debardeleben","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5036921385","display_name":"Sean Blanchard","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-1119-7828"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Sean Blanchard","raw_affiliation_strings":["Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Ultrascale Systems Research Center, Los Alamos National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5009409937","display_name":"Juston Moore","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-2515-3647"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I1343871089","display_name":"Los Alamos National Laboratory","ror":"https://ror.org/01e41cf67","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I1343871089","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210120050"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Juston Moore","raw_affiliation_strings":["Advanced Research in Cyber Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Advanced Research in Cyber Systems, Los Alamos National Laboratory","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101717073","display_name":"\u041e\u043b\u0435\u043d\u0430 \u0422\u043a\u0430\u0447\u0435\u043d\u043a\u043e","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3595-7366"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210110743","display_name":"New Mexico Consortium","ror":"https://ror.org/01qnpp968","country_code":"US","type":"nonprofit","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I4210110743"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Olena Tkachenko","raw_affiliation_strings":["New Mexico Consortium"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"New Mexico Consortium","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210110743"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5020783484","display_name":"Kurt Brian Ferreira","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-5607-5691"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kurt Ferreira","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5030190745","display_name":"Taniya Siddiqua","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I4210104735","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12","country_code":"US","type":"facility","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I1330989302","https://openalex.org/I198811213","https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}],"countries":["US"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Taniya Siddiqua","raw_affiliation_strings":["Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Center for Computing Research, Sandia National Laboratories","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I4210104735"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5061044305","display_name":"Vilas Sridharan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2944-2799"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Vilas Sridharan","raw_affiliation_strings":["RAS Architecture, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"RAS Architecture, Advanced Micro Devices, Inc","institution_ids":[]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":1,"institutions_distinct_count":8,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5089223391"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I1343871089"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9129,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":16,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.77299208,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":98},"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"6"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11005","display_name":"Radiation Effects in Electronics","score":0.9993000030517578,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10472","display_name":"Semiconductor materials and devices","score":0.9983000159263611,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10558","display_name":"Advancements in Semiconductor Devices and Circuit Design","score":0.996999979019165,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2208","display_name":"Electrical and Electronic Engineering"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/22","display_name":"Engineering"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/dram","display_name":"Dram","score":0.9003604650497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.8070563077926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality","display_name":"Locality","score":0.7289742827415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/locality-of-reference","display_name":"Locality of reference","score":0.6486011147499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/supercomputer","display_name":"Supercomputer","score":0.576311469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/field","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","score":0.5399252772331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/predictability","display_name":"Predictability","score":0.5291712284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4037643074989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-engineering","display_name":"Computer engineering","score":0.3481205701828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.34163376688957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/parallel-computing","display_name":"Parallel computing","score":0.24069076776504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cache","display_name":"Cache","score":0.16721349954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-hardware","display_name":"Computer hardware","score":0.1344585120677948}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C7366592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1255620","display_name":"Dram","level":2,"score":0.9003604650497437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.8070563077926636},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779808786","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q6664603","display_name":"Locality","level":2,"score":0.7289742827415466},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C27602214","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1868547","display_name":"Locality of reference","level":3,"score":0.6486011147499084},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C83283714","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q121117","display_name":"Supercomputer","level":2,"score":0.576311469078064},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9652623","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190109","display_name":"Field (mathematics)","level":2,"score":0.5399252772331238},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C197640229","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2534066","display_name":"Predictability","level":2,"score":0.5291712284088135},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4037643074989319},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C113775141","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q428691","display_name":"Computer engineering","level":1,"score":0.3481205701828003},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.34163376688957214},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C173608175","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q232661","display_name":"Parallel computing","level":1,"score":0.24069076776504517},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C115537543","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q165596","display_name":"Cache","level":2,"score":0.16721349954605103},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C9390403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q3966","display_name":"Computer hardware","level":1,"score":0.1344585120677948},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C202444582","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q837863","display_name":"Pure mathematics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C62520636","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q944","display_name":"Quantum mechanics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/dft.2018.8602983","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2018 IEEE International Symposium on Defect and Fault Tolerance in VLSI and Nanotechnology Systems (DFT)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1515630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1515630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1806747","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1806747","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":{"id":"pmh:oai:osti.gov:1515630","is_oa":true,"landing_page_url":"https://www.osti.gov/biblio/1515630","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306402487","display_name":"OSTI OAI (U.S. Department of Energy Office of Scientific and Technical Information)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I139351228","host_organization_name":"Office of Scientific and Technical Information","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I139351228"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null},"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.8199999928474426,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/16","display_name":"Peace, Justice and strong institutions"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"},{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320338291","display_name":"Sandia National Laboratories","ror":"https://ror.org/01apwpt12"}],"has_content":{"grobid_xml":false,"pdf":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":40,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W349770100","https://openalex.org/W1498436455","https://openalex.org/W1503398984","https://openalex.org/W1511986666","https://openalex.org/W1558516248","https://openalex.org/W1578105119","https://openalex.org/W1978082708","https://openalex.org/W1984980195","https://openalex.org/W1988790447","https://openalex.org/W2009063162","https://openalex.org/W2014215998","https://openalex.org/W2018212274","https://openalex.org/W2023856022","https://openalex.org/W2025024269","https://openalex.org/W2028846878","https://openalex.org/W2038480737","https://openalex.org/W2040379684","https://openalex.org/W2066042903","https://openalex.org/W2094127360","https://openalex.org/W2095157729","https://openalex.org/W2101221989","https://openalex.org/W2120591095","https://openalex.org/W2128825142","https://openalex.org/W2140958850","https://openalex.org/W2148508494","https://openalex.org/W2154509298","https://openalex.org/W2158907675","https://openalex.org/W2160155636","https://openalex.org/W2170310381","https://openalex.org/W2528010629","https://openalex.org/W2567223979","https://openalex.org/W2750751814","https://openalex.org/W2751243270","https://openalex.org/W2911964244","https://openalex.org/W4248437541","https://openalex.org/W4248895726","https://openalex.org/W4249923483","https://openalex.org/W6611762666","https://openalex.org/W6680708607","https://openalex.org/W6685251632"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W1555349535","https://openalex.org/W2583128298","https://openalex.org/W2053359564","https://openalex.org/W2161159383","https://openalex.org/W1495260638","https://openalex.org/W1511204342","https://openalex.org/W2369125128","https://openalex.org/W2369223577","https://openalex.org/W2010020348","https://openalex.org/W2085845213"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"As":[0],"the":[1,9,23,64,74,102,107,117,128,193],"scale":[2],"of":[3,16,27,66,76,106,119,131,144,159,195],"high":[4],"performance":[5,130],"computing":[6],"facilities":[7],"approaches":[8],"exascale":[10,58],"era,":[11],"gaining":[12],"a":[13,139,166],"detailed":[14],"understanding":[15],"hardware":[17,50,161],"failures":[18],"becomes":[19],"important.":[20],"In":[21,46,69],"particular,":[22],"extreme":[24],"memory":[25],"capacity":[26],"modern":[28],"supercomputers":[29],"means":[30],"that":[31,138,206],"data":[32,81],"corruption":[33],"errors":[34,78,121,187,216],"which":[35],"were":[36],"statistically":[37],"negligible":[38],"at":[39,88,95,122,213],"smaller":[40],"scales":[41],"will":[42],"become":[43],"more":[44],"prevalent.":[45],"order":[47],"to":[48,101,115],"understand":[49],"faults":[51],"and":[52,93,104,136,184,204],"mitigate":[53],"their":[54],"adverse":[55],"effects":[56],"on":[57,181,188,218],"workloads,":[59],"we":[60,72,110],"must":[61],"learn":[62],"from":[63,82],"behavior":[65,158],"current":[67],"hardware.":[68],"this":[70],"work,":[71],"investigate":[73],"predictability":[75],"DRAM":[77,120,145,160,202],"using":[79],"field":[80,108],"two":[83],"recently":[84],"decommissioned":[85],"supercomputers:":[86],"Cielo,":[87],"Los":[89],"Alamos":[90],"National":[91,98],"Laboratory,":[92],"Hopper,":[94],"Lawrence":[96],"Berkeley":[97],"Laboratory.":[99],"Due":[100],"volume":[103],"complexity":[105],"data,":[109,220],"apply":[111],"statistical":[112,150,209],"machine":[113,133],"learning":[114,134],"predict":[116],"probability":[118],"previously":[123],"un-accessed":[124],"locations.":[125],"We":[126,172],"compare":[127],"predictive":[129],"six":[132],"algorithms,":[135],"find":[137],"model":[140,180],"incorporating":[141],"physical":[142,157],"knowledge":[143],"spatial":[146,196],"structure":[147],"outperforms":[148],"purely":[149],"methods.":[151],"Our":[152,190],"findings":[153],"both":[154],"support":[155],"expected":[156],"as":[162,164],"well":[163],"providing":[165],"mechanism":[167],"for":[168],"real-time":[169],"error":[170,179,223],"prediction.":[171],"demonstrate":[173,192],"real-world":[174],"feasibility":[175],"by":[176],"training":[177],"an":[178],"one":[182],"supercomputer":[183],"effectively":[185],"predicting":[186,214],"another.":[189],"methods":[191],"importance":[194],"locality":[197,200],"over":[198],"temporal":[199],"in":[201],"errors,":[203],"show":[205],"relatively":[207],"simple":[208],"models":[210],"are":[211],"effective":[212],"future":[215],"based":[217],"historical":[219],"allowing":[221],"proactive":[222],"mitigation.":[224]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2025,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2023,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2022,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-03-20T23:20:44.827607","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}