{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2063658213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","title":"A neural dynamic model of associative two-process theory: The differential outcomes effect and infant development","display_name":"A neural dynamic model of associative two-process theory: The differential outcomes effect and infant development","publication_year":2014,"publication_date":"2014-10-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2063658213","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","mag":"2063658213"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"4th International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"article","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5101951215","display_name":"Robert Lowe","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-0307-3171"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":true,"raw_author_name":"Robert Lowe","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","School of Informatics, Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5000514685","display_name":"Yulia Sandamirskaya","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4684-202X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I904495901","display_name":"Ruhr University Bochum","ror":"https://ror.org/04tsk2644","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Yulia Sandamirskaya","raw_affiliation_strings":["Theory of Cognitive Systems, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, Bochum, Germany","Theory of Cognitive Systems, Institut f\u00fcr Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theory of Cognitive Systems, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t, Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"Theory of Cognitive Systems, Institut f\u00fcr Neuroinformatik, Ruhr-Universit\u00e4t Bochum, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I904495901"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5083643013","display_name":"Erik Billing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6568-9342"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I205158640","display_name":"University of Sk\u00f6vde","ror":"https://ror.org/051mrsz47","country_code":"SE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}],"countries":["SE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Erik Billing","raw_affiliation_strings":["School of Informatics Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","School of Informatics, Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden"],"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]},{"raw_affiliation_string":"School of Informatics, Interaction Lab, University of Sk\u00f6vde, Sweden","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":3,"corresponding_author_ids":["https://openalex.org/A5101951215"],"corresponding_institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I205158640"],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":0.9187,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":10,"citation_normalized_percentile":{"value":0.73108616,"is_in_top_1_percent":false,"is_in_top_10_percent":false},"cited_by_percentile_year":{"min":89,"max":96},"biblio":{"volume":"17","issue":null,"first_page":"440","last_page":"447"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10448","display_name":"Memory and Neural Mechanisms","score":0.9936000108718872,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10656","display_name":"Child and Animal Learning Development","score":0.9921000003814697,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3204","display_name":"Developmental and Educational Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10042","display_name":"Neural and Behavioral Psychology Studies","score":0.9761999845504761,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/2805","display_name":"Cognitive Neuroscience"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/28","display_name":"Neuroscience"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/1","display_name":"Life Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/action-selection","display_name":"Action selection","score":0.5663577318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.5538651347160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5306726098060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/expectancy-theory","display_name":"Expectancy theory","score":0.5201061964035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/outcome","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","score":0.5195367932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-neural-network","display_name":"Artificial neural network","score":0.5173020362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/associative-learning","display_name":"Associative learning","score":0.49105238914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/machine-learning","display_name":"Machine learning","score":0.4062989354133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/psychology","display_name":"Psychology","score":0.40099263191223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-science","display_name":"Cognitive science","score":0.3637203872203827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/cognitive-psychology","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","score":0.32723209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/neuroscience","display_name":"Neuroscience","score":0.15186607837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/mathematics","display_name":"Mathematics","score":0.13857340812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/social-psychology","display_name":"Social psychology","score":0.13711100816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/perception","display_name":"Perception","score":0.11147230863571167}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C166109690","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q4677422","display_name":"Action selection","level":3,"score":0.5663577318191528},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.5538651347160339},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5306726098060608},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188353592","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q450586","display_name":"Expectancy theory","level":2,"score":0.5201061964035034},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C148220186","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7111912","display_name":"Outcome (game theory)","level":2,"score":0.5195367932319641},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C50644808","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q192776","display_name":"Artificial neural network","level":2,"score":0.5173020362854004},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2983526489","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q133500","display_name":"Associative learning","level":2,"score":0.49105238914489746},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C119857082","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q2539","display_name":"Machine learning","level":1,"score":0.4062989354133606},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C15744967","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9418","display_name":"Psychology","level":0,"score":0.40099263191223145},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C188147891","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q147638","display_name":"Cognitive science","level":1,"score":0.3637203872203827},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C180747234","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q23373","display_name":"Cognitive psychology","level":1,"score":0.32723209261894226},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C169760540","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207011","display_name":"Neuroscience","level":1,"score":0.15186607837677002},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C33923547","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q395","display_name":"Mathematics","level":0,"score":0.13857340812683105},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C77805123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q161272","display_name":"Social psychology","level":1,"score":0.13711100816726685},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C26760741","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q160402","display_name":"Perception","level":2,"score":0.11147230863571167},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C144237770","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q747534","display_name":"Mathematical economics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":1,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2014.6983021","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"4th International Conference on Development and Learning and on Epigenetic Robotics","raw_type":"proceedings-article"}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"score":0.44999998807907104,"display_name":"Quality Education","id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320306084","display_name":"U.S. Department of Energy","ror":"https://ror.org/01bj3aw27"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":25,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W609092168","https://openalex.org/W1968679148","https://openalex.org/W1971976749","https://openalex.org/W2013400225","https://openalex.org/W2013942390","https://openalex.org/W2029374903","https://openalex.org/W2035568714","https://openalex.org/W2042233841","https://openalex.org/W2072717163","https://openalex.org/W2080538756","https://openalex.org/W2081030963","https://openalex.org/W2094088568","https://openalex.org/W2099821308","https://openalex.org/W2117626666","https://openalex.org/W2164248124","https://openalex.org/W2165162620","https://openalex.org/W2168814611","https://openalex.org/W2478609727","https://openalex.org/W2891774437","https://openalex.org/W4214717370","https://openalex.org/W4236835687","https://openalex.org/W4243511244","https://openalex.org/W4285719527","https://openalex.org/W6721556242","https://openalex.org/W6754318319"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2978999882","https://openalex.org/W2111846405","https://openalex.org/W4391839006","https://openalex.org/W3141031773","https://openalex.org/W1595686156","https://openalex.org/W2181392282","https://openalex.org/W2119369480","https://openalex.org/W4394865617","https://openalex.org/W2004360471","https://openalex.org/W1531064313"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"In":[0,62],"animal":[1],"and":[2],"human":[3],"learning,":[4],"outcome":[5,50],"expectancy":[6],"is":[7,57],"understood":[8],"to":[9,48],"control":[10,86,97],"action":[11,53,85,96],"under":[12],"a":[13,67,117,129],"number":[14],"of":[15,70,111,119],"learning":[16,28,103],"paradigms.":[17],"One":[18],"such":[19],"paradigm,":[20],"the":[21,102,112],"differential":[22,89,130],"outcomes":[23,90,131],"effect":[24],"(DOE),":[25],"entails":[26],"faster":[27],"when":[29],"responses":[30],"have":[31],"differential,":[32],"rather":[33],"than":[34],"non-differential,":[35],"outcomes.":[36],"The":[37,79,109],"associative":[38],"two-process":[39],"theory":[40,72],"has":[41],"provided":[42],"an":[43,75],"increasingly":[44],"accepted":[45],"explanation":[46],"as":[47,74,99],"how":[49],"expectancies":[51],"influence":[52],"selection,":[54],"though":[55],"it":[56],"computationally":[58],"not":[59],"well":[60],"understood.":[61],"this":[63,71],"paper,":[64],"we":[65],"describe":[66],"neural-dynamic":[68,138],"model":[69,80,113],"implemented":[73],"Actor-Critic":[76],"like":[77],"architecture.":[78],"utilizes":[81],"expectation-based,":[82],"or":[83,94],"prospective,":[84],"that":[87,127],"following":[88],"training":[91],"suppresses":[92],"stimulus-based,":[93],"retrospective,":[95],"(known":[98],"overshadowing":[100],"in":[101,116,137],"literature).":[104],"It":[105],"thereby":[106],"facilitates":[107],"learning.":[108],"neural-dynamics":[110],"are":[114],"evaluated":[115],"simulation":[118],"experiments":[120],"with":[121],"young":[122],"children":[123],"(aged":[124],"4-8.6":[125],"years)":[126],"uses":[128],"procedure.":[132],"We":[133],"assess":[134],"development":[135],"parametrically":[136],"terms.":[139]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2018,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2017,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2014,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2025-11-06T03:46:38.306776","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}