{"id":"https://openalex.org/W2151231380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","title":"Contingency allows the robot to spot the tutor and to learn from interaction","display_name":"Contingency allows the robot to spot the tutor and to learn from interaction","publication_year":2011,"publication_date":"2011-08-01","ids":{"openalex":"https://openalex.org/W2151231380","doi":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","mag":"2151231380"},"language":"en","primary_location":{"id":"doi:10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},"type":"conference-paper","indexed_in":["crossref"],"open_access":{"is_oa":false,"oa_status":"closed","oa_url":null,"any_repository_has_fulltext":false},"authorships":[{"author_position":"first","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5015324410","display_name":"Katrin S. Lohan","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9843-316X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katrin S. Lohan","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoR-Lab, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoR-Lab, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5078062775","display_name":"Karola Pitsch","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6458-7264"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Karola Pitsch","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5024731704","display_name":"Katharina J. Rohlfing","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-5676-8233"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Katharina J. Rohlfing","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5062309683","display_name":"Kerstin Fischer","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1987-5344"},"institutions":[],"countries":[],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Kerstin Fischer","raw_affiliation_strings":["Institute of Business Communication and Information Science, Sonderborg, Denmark"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Institute of Business Communication and Information Science, Sonderborg, Denmark","institution_ids":[]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5104073691","display_name":"Joe Saunders","orcid":null},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Joe Saunders","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5014197451","display_name":"Hagen Lehmann","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0001-9676-2269"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Hagen Lehmann","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"middle","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5048759955","display_name":"Chrystopher L. Nehaniv","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0002-7807-1875"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire","ror":"https://ror.org/0267vjk41","country_code":"GB","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}],"countries":["GB"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Chrystopher Nehaniv","raw_affiliation_strings":["Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"Adaptive Systems Research Group, University of Hertfordshire, UK","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"]}]},{"author_position":"last","author":{"id":"https://openalex.org/A5067961454","display_name":"Britta Wrede","orcid":"https://orcid.org/0000-0003-1424-472X"},"institutions":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/I20121455","display_name":"Bielefeld University","ror":"https://ror.org/02hpadn98","country_code":"DE","type":"education","lineage":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}],"countries":["DE"],"is_corresponding":false,"raw_author_name":"Britta Wrede","raw_affiliation_strings":["CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany"],"raw_orcid":null,"affiliations":[{"raw_affiliation_string":"CoR-Laboratory, Applied Informatics Group, Bielefeld University, Germany","institution_ids":["https://openalex.org/I20121455"]}]}],"institutions":[],"countries_distinct_count":2,"institutions_distinct_count":2,"corresponding_author_ids":[],"corresponding_institution_ids":[],"apc_list":null,"apc_paid":null,"fwci":null,"has_fulltext":false,"cited_by_count":18,"citation_normalized_percentile":null,"cited_by_percentile_year":null,"biblio":{"volume":null,"issue":null,"first_page":"1","last_page":"8"},"is_retracted":false,"is_paratext":false,"is_xpac":false,"primary_topic":{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},"topics":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/T12031","display_name":"Speech and dialogue systems","score":0.98580002784729,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T10709","display_name":"Social Robot Interaction and HRI","score":0.9850999712944031,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/3207","display_name":"Social Psychology"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/32","display_name":"Psychology"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/2","display_name":"Social Sciences"}},{"id":"https://openalex.org/T11902","display_name":"Intelligent Tutoring Systems and Adaptive Learning","score":0.984499990940094,"subfield":{"id":"https://openalex.org/subfields/1702","display_name":"Artificial Intelligence"},"field":{"id":"https://openalex.org/fields/17","display_name":"Computer Science"},"domain":{"id":"https://openalex.org/domains/3","display_name":"Physical Sciences"}}],"keywords":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/icub","display_name":"iCub","score":0.9919593930244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/tutor","display_name":"TUTOR","score":0.925803005695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/human\u2013computer-interaction","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","score":0.7470959424972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/computer-science","display_name":"Computer science","score":0.6851871609687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robot","display_name":"Robot","score":0.6647396683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/contingency","display_name":"Contingency","score":0.611742377281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/artificial-intelligence","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","score":0.5889590978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-by-demonstration","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","score":0.5158390402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/focus","display_name":"Focus (optics)","score":0.4583728611469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/object","display_name":"Object (grammar)","score":0.4391595721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/humanoid-robot","display_name":"Humanoid robot","score":0.42597901821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/robotics","display_name":"Robotics","score":0.4158344566822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/keywords/programming-language","display_name":"Programming language","score":0.08176928758621216}],"concepts":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/C111151474","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1653368","display_name":"iCub","level":4,"score":0.9919593930244446},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2778371403","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7672049","display_name":"TUTOR","level":2,"score":0.925803005695343},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C107457646","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q207434","display_name":"Human\u2013computer interaction","level":1,"score":0.7470959424972534},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41008148","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q21198","display_name":"Computer science","level":0,"score":0.6851871609687805},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C90509273","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11012","display_name":"Robot","level":2,"score":0.6647396683692932},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C97508593","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q1359069","display_name":"Contingency","level":2,"score":0.611742377281189},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C154945302","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q11660","display_name":"Artificial intelligence","level":1,"score":0.5889590978622437},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2779038628","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q7248497","display_name":"Programming by demonstration","level":3,"score":0.5158390402793884},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C192209626","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q190909","display_name":"Focus (optics)","level":2,"score":0.4583728611469269},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C2781238097","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q175026","display_name":"Object (grammar)","level":2,"score":0.4391595721244812},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C60692881","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q584529","display_name":"Humanoid robot","level":3,"score":0.42597901821136475},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C34413123","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q170978","display_name":"Robotics","level":3,"score":0.4158344566822052},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C199360897","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q9143","display_name":"Programming language","level":1,"score":0.08176928758621216},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C138885662","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q5891","display_name":"Philosophy","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C120665830","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q14620","display_name":"Optics","level":1,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C121332964","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q413","display_name":"Physics","level":0,"score":0.0},{"id":"https://openalex.org/C41895202","wikidata":"https://www.wikidata.org/wiki/Q8162","display_name":"Linguistics","level":1,"score":0.0}],"mesh":[],"locations_count":3,"locations":[{"id":"doi:10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"https://doi.org/10.1109/devlrn.2011.6037341","pdf_url":null,"source":null,"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"publishedVersion","is_accepted":true,"is_published":true,"raw_source_name":"2011 IEEE International Conference on Development and Learning (ICDL)","raw_type":"proceedings-article"},{"id":"pmh:oai:aisberg.unibg.it:10446/215787","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/10446/215787","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4377196347","display_name":"Aisberg (University of Bergamo)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I11039511","host_organization_name":"University of Bergamo","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I11039511"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":"","raw_type":"info:eu-repo/semantics/conferenceObject"},{"id":"pmh:oai:uhra.herts.ac.uk:2299/8050","is_oa":false,"landing_page_url":"http://hdl.handle.net/2299/8050","pdf_url":null,"source":{"id":"https://openalex.org/S4306400241","display_name":"University of Hertfordshire Research Archive (University of Hertfordshire)","issn_l":null,"issn":null,"is_oa":false,"is_in_doaj":false,"is_core":false,"host_organization":"https://openalex.org/I141584323","host_organization_name":"University of Hertfordshire","host_organization_lineage":["https://openalex.org/I141584323"],"host_organization_lineage_names":[],"type":"repository"},"license":null,"license_id":null,"version":"submittedVersion","is_accepted":false,"is_published":false,"raw_source_name":null,"raw_type":null}],"best_oa_location":null,"sustainable_development_goals":[{"display_name":"Quality Education","score":0.5799999833106995,"id":"https://metadata.un.org/sdg/4"}],"awards":[],"funders":[{"id":"https://openalex.org/F4320320300","display_name":"European Commission","ror":"https://ror.org/00k4n6c32"}],"has_content":{"pdf":false,"grobid_xml":false},"content_urls":null,"referenced_works_count":33,"referenced_works":["https://openalex.org/W9019958","https://openalex.org/W763498075","https://openalex.org/W937449949","https://openalex.org/W1492502800","https://openalex.org/W1494533157","https://openalex.org/W1656545871","https://openalex.org/W1978843775","https://openalex.org/W2018437270","https://openalex.org/W2033338503","https://openalex.org/W2060280062","https://openalex.org/W2086568921","https://openalex.org/W2095833565","https://openalex.org/W2100119371","https://openalex.org/W2107849249","https://openalex.org/W2109504799","https://openalex.org/W2114836797","https://openalex.org/W2125270257","https://openalex.org/W2134366355","https://openalex.org/W2162457740","https://openalex.org/W2167390354","https://openalex.org/W2172156083","https://openalex.org/W2243893030","https://openalex.org/W2477538918","https://openalex.org/W3159160197","https://openalex.org/W4212955756","https://openalex.org/W4234313254","https://openalex.org/W4250540732","https://openalex.org/W6600367904","https://openalex.org/W6622346389","https://openalex.org/W6624675530","https://openalex.org/W6629279504","https://openalex.org/W6675759124","https://openalex.org/W6683901970"],"related_works":["https://openalex.org/W2963178506","https://openalex.org/W2789446524","https://openalex.org/W4301244418","https://openalex.org/W2915059514","https://openalex.org/W3123424924","https://openalex.org/W1997666700","https://openalex.org/W2570508284","https://openalex.org/W3106073779","https://openalex.org/W2198321481","https://openalex.org/W2151231380"],"abstract_inverted_index":{"Aiming":[0],"at":[1,217],"artificial":[2],"system":[3,25,145],"learning":[4],"from":[5],"a":[6,30,99,120],"human":[7,182],"tutor":[8,183,208],"elicit":[9,37],"tutoring":[10,38],"behavior,":[11,39],"which":[12,40],"we":[13,28,41,66,115],"implemented":[14],"on":[15,48,137],"the":[16,21,24,49,58,61,70,75,88,107,111,141,144,150,155,158,164,169,173,181,187,197,207,212,218],"robotic":[17,50],"platform":[18,51],"iCub.":[19],"For":[20,60],"evaluation":[22,62],"of":[23,63,90,110],"with":[26,57,180],"users,":[27],"considered":[29],"contingency":[31,159,170],"module":[32,47,146,160,171],"that":[33,102,168],"is":[34],"developed":[35],"to":[36,118,132,149,162,175,186],"then":[42],"evaluate":[43],"by":[44],"implementing":[45],"this":[46],"iCub":[52],"and":[53,125,128,192],"within":[54],"an":[55,178,203],"interaction":[56,151,179],"users.":[59],"our":[64],"system,":[65],"consider":[67],"not":[68,200],"only":[69],"participant's":[71],"behavior":[72],"but":[73],"also":[74],"system's":[76],"log-files":[77],"as":[78,98,190],"dependent":[79],"variables":[80],"(as":[81],"it":[82],"was":[83,147],"suggested":[84],"in":[85,154,177,202],"[15]":[86],"for":[87],"improvement":[89],"HRI":[91],"design).":[92],"We":[93,135,166],"further":[94],"applied":[95],"Sequential":[96],"Analysis":[97],"qualitative":[100],"method":[101],"provides":[103],"micro-analytical":[104],"insights":[105],"into":[106],"sequential":[108],"structure":[109],"interaction.":[112],"This":[113],"way,":[114],"are":[116],"able":[117],"investigate":[119],"closer":[121],"interrelationship":[122],"between":[123],"robot's":[124,188],"tutor's":[126],"actions":[127],"how":[129],"they":[130],"respond":[131],"each":[133],"other.":[134],"focus":[136],"two":[138],"cases:":[139],"In":[140,194],"first":[142],"case,":[143,157],"reacting":[148],"partner":[152],"appropriately;":[153],"second":[156],"failed":[161],"spot":[163],"tutor.":[165],"found":[167],"enables":[172],"robot":[174,198],"engage":[176,201],"who":[184],"orients":[185],"conduct":[189],"appropriate":[191,204],"responsive.":[193],"contrast,":[195],"when":[196],"did":[199],"responsive":[205],"interaction,":[206],"oriented":[209],"more":[210],"towards":[211],"object":[213],"while":[214],"gazing":[215],"less":[216],"robot.":[219]},"counts_by_year":[{"year":2026,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2021,"cited_by_count":3},{"year":2020,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2019,"cited_by_count":1},{"year":2016,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2015,"cited_by_count":2},{"year":2013,"cited_by_count":5},{"year":2012,"cited_by_count":2}],"updated_date":"2026-07-14T23:27:15.235271","created_date":"2025-10-10T00:00:00"}